Esen Ozcan, Goodall Stuart
Northumbria University, Department of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
North-West University, Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2025 Dec;22(1):2528532. doi: 10.1080/15502783.2025.2528532. Epub 2025 Jul 3.
Limited evidence reports energy and macronutrient intake during competitive archery and whether any sex differences exist. Understanding these factors will provide insights into physiological demands and could inform more effective strategies to optimize performance for all archers in this precision-demanding sport. This study aimed to evaluate sweat rate (SR), sweat electrolyte loss, and energy intake (EI) in world-class archers throughout competition.
Eight (4 females) elite-standard archers (age: 21 ± 2 and 19 ± 1 years; body mass: 65.1 ± 2.8 and 60.1 ± 4.1 kg; stature: 179.3 ± 5.1 and 162.3 ± 0.8 cm, for males and females, respectively) from the Turkish National Archery Team participated. Data were collected over four days; assessments of hydration, SR, sweat composition ([Na] and [K]), and nutritional intake were completed at the same time each day.
Male archers consumed more total energy (2,889 vs. 2,353 kcal, = 0.007) and carbohydrates (5.3 vs. 3.9 g/kg, = 0.046) compared to females, with intake fluctuating based on competition demands (i.e. match duration, and the total distance walked). SR and sweat [K] loss, were greater in males compared to females ( ≤0.006). In contrast, no sex differences were observed in other hydration parameters (sweat [Na] loss, urine-specific gravity). Moreover, all archers maintained adequate hydration status throughout the competition, with no differences in pre- and post-competition hydration levels ( > 0.05).
This study expands on previous research by incorporating sex-specific analyses, demonstrating that while energy and carbohydrate intake varies between male and female archers, hydration-related variables remain consistent.
有限的证据报告了竞技射箭期间的能量和宏量营养素摄入量以及是否存在性别差异。了解这些因素将有助于洞察生理需求，并可为优化这项对精度要求很高的运动中所有射箭运动员的表现提供更有效的策略。本研究旨在评估世界级射箭运动员在整个比赛过程中的出汗率（SR）、汗液电解质流失和能量摄入量（EI）。
来自土耳其国家射箭队的八名（4名女性）精英水平射箭运动员（年龄：男性和女性分别为21±2岁和19±1岁；体重：男性和女性分别为65.1±2.8千克和60.1±4.1千克；身高：男性和女性分别为179.3±5.1厘米和162.3±0.8厘米）参与了研究。数据收集持续四天；每天在同一时间完成水合作用、出汗率、汗液成分（[钠]和[钾]）以及营养摄入的评估。
与女性相比，男性射箭运动员消耗的总能量（2889千卡对2353千卡，P = 0.007）和碳水化合物（5.3克/千克对3.9克/千克，P = 0.046）更多，摄入量根据比赛需求（即比赛时长和步行总距离）而波动。男性的出汗率和汗液[钾]流失比女性更大（P≤0.006）。相比之下，在其他水合参数（汗液[钠]流失、尿比重）方面未观察到性别差异。此外，所有射箭运动员在整个比赛过程中都保持了充足的水合状态，并在比赛前后的水合水平上没有差异（P>0.05）。
本研究通过纳入性别特异性分析扩展了先前的研究，表明虽然男性和女性射箭运动员的能量和碳水化合物摄入量有所不同，但与水合作用相关的变量保持一致。
