Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2021 May;303(5):1161-1166. doi: 10.1007/s00404-020-05839-1. Epub 2020 Oct 24.
The prevalence of severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) requiring hospitalization has been associated with female fetal sex. However, the question of whether fetal sex and less severe forms of NVP share that association has not been investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between fetal sex and the frequency of NVP.
We collected self-reported data from mothers via an international web-based survey on the Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) platform about pregnancy and first trimester NVP history. We considered the covariables of maternal age, parity status, proneness to nausea, geographic cohort, and preconceived notions of a relationship between fetal sex and NVP.
Two-thousand five hundred and forty-three mothers met the inclusion criteria, yielding data from 4320 pregnancies. Women gestating a female fetus reported higher frequencies of NVP (M = 6.35 on a 1-9 scale) than did women gestating males (M = 6.04, p = .007). This effect held true when all other variables were included in the regression. General proneness to nausea, maternal age, and parity were also significant independent predictors of NVP.
Women that carried a female fetus, as opposed to a male fetus, reported significantly higher frequency of NVP during the first trimester of pregnancy. Further research should evaluate both the proximate and ultimate causes of this relationship.
妊娠期间严重恶心和呕吐（NVP）需要住院治疗的患病率与女性胎儿性别有关。然而，胎儿性别是否与较轻形式的 NVP 存在这种关联尚未得到调查。本研究的目的是评估胎儿性别与 NVP 频率之间的关系。
我们通过亚马逊 Mechanical Turk（MTurk）平台上的国际网络调查收集了母亲关于妊娠和孕早期 NVP 史的自我报告数据。我们考虑了母亲年龄、生育次数、恶心倾向、地理队列和胎儿性别与 NVP 之间关系的先入之见等协变量。
2543 名符合纳入标准的母亲提供了 4320 次妊娠的数据。与怀有男性胎儿的女性相比，怀有女性胎儿的女性报告的 NVP 频率更高（1-9 分制上的平均值为 6.35）（p=.007）。当将所有其他变量纳入回归时，这种影响仍然存在。一般恶心倾向、母亲年龄和生育次数也是 NVP 的显著独立预测因素。
与怀有男性胎儿的女性相比，怀有女性胎儿的女性在妊娠早期报告的 NVP 频率明显更高。进一步的研究应该评估这种关系的近因和远因。
