Moore Kelly E, Stein Michael D, Kurth Megan E, Stevens Lindsey, Hailemariam Maji, Schonbrun Yael C, Johnson Jennifer E
East Tennessee State University, Department of Psychology, 420 Rogers-Stout Hall P.O. 70649, Johnson City, TN 37614.
Butler Hospital, Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research, 345 Blackstone Blvd. Providence, RI 02906.
Stigma Health. 2020 May;5(2):158-167. doi: 10.1037/sah0000182. Epub 2019 Jul 25.
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a highly stigmatized condition, often associated with negative stereotypes such as being morally weak, incompetent, unpredictable, and aggressive. People with AUD are at risk of experiencing self-stigma, a social-cognitive experience in which people think others hold negative stereotypes about them, expect to be treated unfairly, and/or believe that negative stereotypes are personally accurate. Women in the criminal justice system with AUD in particular are at risk of experiencing self-stigma due to intersecting sources of disadvantage. Given that self-stigma can lead to treatment avoidance and dropout, it is important to understand risk factors for self-stigma to inform prevention and intervention efforts in the justice system. Incarcerated women with AUD (=185) completed measures of alcohol self-stigma as well as a variety of theoretically relevant risk factors including sociodemographics, baseline levels of stress and depression, and alcohol-related factors (i.e., length of drinking history, frequency/amount of use, consequences of use, physician advice to stop, belief that legal involvement is related to alcohol use, alcohol-related charges, self-efficacy to quit, readiness for treatment, pressures to enter treatment, factors that influence treatment) and other stigmatized conditions (drug use, exchanging sex, and homelessness). Results showed that experiencing more consequences of alcohol use, pressures to enter treatment, and perceived stress were associated with internalized stigma and anticipated/enacted stigma. This study begins to identify which incarcerated women with AUD are most at risk of experiencing self-stigma that may interfere with alcohol treatment.
酒精使用障碍（AUD）是一种备受污名化的状况，常与诸如道德软弱、无能、不可预测和攻击性等负面刻板印象相关联。患有酒精使用障碍的人面临自我污名化的风险，这是一种社会认知体验，即人们认为他人对自己持有负面刻板印象，预期会受到不公平对待，和/或认为负面刻板印象对自己而言是准确的。尤其是刑事司法系统中患有酒精使用障碍的女性，由于多重不利因素的交织，面临自我污名化的风险。鉴于自我污名化会导致回避治疗和退出治疗，了解自我污名化的风险因素对于为司法系统中的预防和干预工作提供信息很重要。患有酒精使用障碍的被监禁女性（=185名）完成了酒精自我污名化的测量以及各种理论上相关的风险因素评估，包括社会人口统计学、压力和抑郁的基线水平，以及与酒精相关的因素（即饮酒历史时长、使用频率/量、使用后果、医生戒酒建议、认为法律问题与酒精使用有关、与酒精相关的指控、戒酒自我效能感、治疗意愿、进入治疗的压力、影响治疗的因素）和其他被污名化的状况（药物使用、性交易和无家可归）。结果表明，经历更多酒精使用后果、进入治疗的压力以及感知到的压力与内化污名和预期/表现出的污名相关。这项研究开始确定哪些患有酒精使用障碍的被监禁女性最有可能经历可能干扰酒精治疗的自我污名化。
