社会分类的发展
The Development of Social Categorization.
作者信息
Rhodes Marjorie, Baron Andrew
机构信息
Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
出版信息
Annu Rev Dev Psychol. 2019 Dec;1:359-386. doi: 10.1146/annurev-devpsych-121318-084824.
Social categorization is a universal mechanism for making sense of a vast social world with roots in perceptual, conceptual, and social systems. These systems emerge strikingly early in life and undergo important developmental changes across childhood. The development of social categorization entails identifying which ways of classifying people are culturally meaningful, how these categories might be used to predict, explain, and evaluate the behavior of other people, and how one's own identity relates to these systems of categorization and representation. Social categorization can help children simplify and understand their social environment but has detrimental consequences in the forms of stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. Thus, understanding how social categorization develops is a central problem for the cognitive, social, and developmental sciences. This review details the multiple developmental processes that underlie this core psychological capacity.
社会分类是一种理解广阔社会世界的普遍机制，其根源在于感知、概念和社会系统。这些系统在生命早期就显著出现，并在整个童年时期经历重要的发展变化。社会分类的发展需要确定哪些对人的分类方式具有文化意义，这些类别如何用于预测、解释和评估他人的行为，以及一个人的自身身份如何与这些分类和表征系统相关联。社会分类可以帮助儿童简化和理解他们的社会环境，但也会以刻板印象、偏见和歧视的形式产生有害后果。因此，理解社会分类如何发展是认知科学、社会科学和发展科学的核心问题。本综述详细阐述了构成这一核心心理能力基础的多个发展过程。
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