Beilin L J
Department of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth.
Adv Alcohol Subst Abuse. 1987 Spring;6(3):69-87. doi: 10.1300/J251v06n03_07.
An association between alcohol consumption, blood pressure levels and the prevalence of hypertension has been described in close to twenty population studies. The relationship is independent of ethnic group, gender, type of alcohol, cigarette smoking and obesity, but additive to effects of obesity and oral contraceptive use. Several studies show a progressive rise in blood pressure throughout the entire range of alcohol consumption. Reports indicating a threshold for the effect at around 30 g ethanol per day (three standard drinks) may be artefactual due to underreporting of drinking levels. Drinkers consuming an average of 3 or more glasses per day have three to four times the prevalence of "hypertension" compared with teetotallers. A randomized, controlled trial of moderating alcohol consumption in normotensives has confirmed a direct pressor action of alcohol and is supported by studies in hypertensives. These observations have important implications for the prevention and management of essential hypertension in most communities.
近二十项人群研究描述了酒精摄入、血压水平与高血压患病率之间的关联。这种关系独立于种族、性别、酒精类型、吸烟和肥胖，但与肥胖及口服避孕药的影响具有叠加作用。多项研究表明，在整个酒精摄入范围内，血压呈渐进性升高。由于饮酒量报告不足，那些表明每日约30克乙醇（三杯标准饮品）时存在效应阈值的报告可能并不真实。与戒酒者相比，平均每天饮用三杯或更多杯酒的饮酒者患“高血压”的患病率要高三到四倍。一项针对血压正常者适度饮酒的随机对照试验证实了酒精的直接升压作用，并且高血压患者的研究也支持这一点。这些观察结果对大多数社区原发性高血压的预防和管理具有重要意义。
