Differential localization of cell wall polymers across generations in the placenta of Marchantia polymorpha.

To further knowledge on cell wall composition in early land plants, we localized cell wall constituents in placental cells of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha L. using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) in the transmission electron microscope and histochemical staining. The placenta of M. polymorpha is similar to the majority of bryophytes in that both generations contain transfer cells with extensive wall ingrowths. Although the four major cell wall polymers, i.e., cellulose, pectins, hemicelluloses, and arabinogalactan proteins, are present, there are variations in the richness and specificity across generations. An abundance of homogalacturonan pectins in all placental cell walls is consistent with maintaining cell wall permeability and an acidic apoplastic pH necessary for solute transport. Although similar in ultrastructure, transfer cell walls on the sporophyte side in M. polymorpha are enriched with xyloglucans and diverse AGPs not detected on the gametophyte side of the placenta. Gametophyte wall ingrowths are more uniform in polymer composition. Lastly, extensins and callose are not components of transfer cell walls of M. polymorpha, which deviates from studies on transfer cells in other plants. The difference in polymer localizations in transfer cell walls between generations is consistent with directional movement from gametophyte to sporophyte in this liverwort.