Fenelon Andrew
National Center for Health Statistics, 3311 Toledo Road, Hyattsville, MD 20782.
Int Migr Rev. 2017 Fall;51(3):567-599. doi: 10.1111/imre.12263. Epub 2016 Mar 1.
Mexican immigrants enjoy a substantial mortality advantage over non-Hispanic whites in the US, although their health declines with greater duration of residence. Many previous studies have suggested this advantage reflects higher levels of social support among Mexicans in enclave communities with high co-ethnic density. As the Mexican-origin population in the US has grown, it has expanded outside traditional gateway cities in California and Texas to new destinations throughout the US, and it has become increasingly important to understand how settlement in new destinations impacts the health of Mexican immigrants. This study examines the mortality outcomes of Mexican immigrants in versus and in the US. Using a nationally-representative survey with mortality follow-up the analysis finds that Mexican immigrants in new and minor destinations have a significant survival advantage over their counterparts in traditional gateways. This advantage largely reflects the mortality benefits of living in communities with smaller and less-established Mexicans immigrant communities, a finding that runs in contrast to prior work on the protective effects of immigrant enclaves. The results suggest that future research must reevaluate the relationship between neighborhood ethnic composition, social support, and immigrant health.
墨西哥移民在美国享有的死亡率优势远超非西班牙裔白人，尽管他们的健康状况会随着居住时间的延长而下降。此前许多研究表明，这种优势反映出在族裔密度高的飞地社区中，墨西哥人拥有更高水平的社会支持。随着美国墨西哥裔人口的增长，他们已从加利福尼亚州和得克萨斯州的传统门户城市扩展到美国各地的新目的地，了解在新目的地定居如何影响墨西哥移民的健康变得愈发重要。本研究考察了美国墨西哥移民在[具体地区1]、[具体地区2]和[具体地区3]的死亡结果。通过一项具有全国代表性且有死亡率随访的调查，分析发现新目的地和次要目的地的墨西哥移民比传统门户城市的同行具有显著的生存优势。这一优势很大程度上反映了生活在墨西哥移民社区规模较小且不太成熟的社区中的死亡率益处，这一发现与之前关于移民飞地保护作用的研究结果相反。结果表明，未来的研究必须重新评估邻里种族构成、社会支持与移民健康之间的关系。
