Abdelbasir Sabah M, McCourt Kelli M, Lee Cindy M, Vanegas Diana C
Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute, Cairo, Egypt.
Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States.
Front Chem. 2020 Aug 31;8:782. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00782. eCollection 2020.
For the past few decades, a plethora of nanoparticles have been produced through various methods and utilized to advance technologies for environmental applications, including water treatment, detection of persistent pollutants, and soil/water remediation, amongst many others. The field of materials science and engineering is increasingly interested in increasing the sustainability of the processes involved in the production of nanoparticles, which motivates the exploration of alternative inputs for nanoparticle production as well as the implementation of green synthesis techniques. Herein, we start by overviewing the general aspects of nanoparticle synthesis from industrial, electric/electronic, and plastic waste. We expand on critical aspects of waste identification as a viable input for the treatment and recovery of metal- and carbon-based nanoparticles. We follow-up by discussing different governing mechanisms involved in the production of nanoparticles, and point to potential inferences throughout the synthesis processes. Next, we provide some examples of waste-derived nanoparticles utilized in a proof-of-concept demonstration of technologies for applications in water quality and safety. We conclude by discussing current challenges from the toxicological and life-cycle perspectives that must be taken into consideration before scale-up manufacturing and implementation of waste-derived nanoparticles.
在过去几十年里，人们通过各种方法制备了大量纳米颗粒，并将其用于推动环境应用技术的发展，包括水处理、持久性污染物检测、土壤/水修复等等。材料科学与工程领域越来越关注提高纳米颗粒生产过程的可持续性，这促使人们探索纳米颗粒生产的替代原料，并采用绿色合成技术。在此，我们首先概述从工业、电气/电子和塑料废物中合成纳米颗粒的一般情况。我们详细阐述了将废物识别为金属基和碳基纳米颗粒处理与回收的可行原料的关键要点。接着，我们讨论了纳米颗粒生产中涉及的不同控制机制，并指出整个合成过程中的潜在推断。然后，我们提供一些源自废物的纳米颗粒的实例，这些纳米颗粒用于水质和安全应用技术的概念验证演示。最后，我们讨论了从毒理学和生命周期角度来看目前面临的挑战，在扩大源自废物的纳米颗粒的制造和应用规模之前，必须考虑这些挑战。
