University Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Antioquia, 76270 Antioquia, Colombia.
Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Oct 23;17(21):7767. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17217767.
Aging is a multifactorial physiological phenomenon, in which a series of changes in the body composition occur, such as a decrease in muscle mass and bone mineral density and an increase in fat mass. This study aimed to determine the relationship of muscle mass, osteoporosis, and obesity with the strength and functional capacity of non-dependent people over 70 years of age.
A cross-sectional study was designed, whose study population was all people aged over 70 years, living independently and attending academic and recreational programs. Muscle strength and functional capacity of the participants were assessed by isometric exercises of lower and upper limbs and by four tests taken from the Senior Fitness Test, respectively. Bone mineral density, total mass, fat mass, total lean mass, arms lean mass, legs lean mass, and appendicular lean mass (ALM) was calculated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Differences in muscle strength and functional capacity, according to the sex, muscle mass, mineral bone density and fat mass, were measured by χ test, independent samples Student's t-test, analysis of covariance and a 2-factor analysis of covariance; Results: 143 subjects were included in the study group. Men and women with an adequate amount of ALM adjusted for body mass index (BMI) had a maximal dynamic biceps strength in a single repetition, a maximal isometric leg extension strength, a maximal dynamic leg extension strength in a single repetition, a maximum right hand grip strength and maximum hand grip strength (the highest). Significantly higher values were observed in the maximal isometric biceps' strength in men with osteoporosis. Obese men had less isometric strength in the biceps and took longer to perform the chair stand test; Conclusions: Men and women with an adequate amount of ALM adjusted for BMI obtained better results in tests of muscle strength and functional capacity. However, osteoporosis and obesity are not related to these parameters.
衰老是一种多因素的生理现象，在此过程中，身体成分会发生一系列变化，例如肌肉质量和骨矿物质密度下降，以及体脂质量增加。本研究旨在确定肌肉质量、骨质疏松症和肥胖与 70 岁以上非依赖人群的力量和功能能力之间的关系。
设计了一项横断面研究，其研究人群为所有 70 岁以上、独立生活并参加学术和娱乐项目的人。通过等长下肢和上肢运动以及来自老年人体能测试的四项测试来评估参与者的肌肉力量和功能能力。通过双能 X 射线吸收法计算骨矿物质密度、总体质量、体脂质量、总瘦体重、手臂瘦体重、腿部瘦体重和四肢瘦体重。通过卡方检验、独立样本学生 t 检验、协方差分析和双因素协方差分析，测量了根据性别、肌肉质量、骨矿物质密度和体脂质量的肌肉力量和功能能力差异；结果：研究组纳入 143 名受试者。男女调整 BMI 后四肢瘦体重充足者，单次最大肱二头肌力量、最大等长腿伸力量、单次最大腿伸力量、最大右手握力和最大握力（最高）均较高。骨质疏松症男性的最大等长肱二头肌力量显著更高。肥胖男性的肱二头肌等长力量较小，完成椅子站立测试的时间较长；结论：调整 BMI 后四肢瘦体重充足的男女在肌肉力量和功能能力测试中表现更好。然而，骨质疏松症和肥胖症与这些参数无关。
