State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 24;21(21):7909. doi: 10.3390/ijms21217909.
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins enable modulation of their structure, function, localization and turnover. To date, over 660 PTMs have been reported, among which, reversible PTMs are regarded as the key players in cellular signaling. Signaling mediated by PTMs is faster than re-initiation of gene expression, which may result in a faster response that is particularly crucial for plants due to their sessile nature. Ubiquitylation has been widely reported to be involved in many aspects of plant growth and development and it is largely determined by its target protein. It is therefore of high interest to explore new ubiquitylated proteins/sites to obtain new insights into its mechanism and functions. In the last decades, extensive protein profiling of ubiquitylation has been achieved in different plants due to the advancement in ubiquitylated proteins (or peptides) affinity and mass spectrometry techniques. This obtained information on a large number of ubiquitylated proteins/sites helps crack the mechanism of ubiquitylation in plants. In this review, we have summarized the latest advances in protein ubiquitylation to gain comprehensive and updated knowledge in this field. Besides, the current and future challenges and barriers are also reviewed and discussed.
蛋白质的翻译后修饰（PTMs）能够调节其结构、功能、定位和周转率。迄今为止，已经报道了超过 660 种 PTMs，其中，可逆 PTMs 被认为是细胞信号转导的关键因素。PTMs 介导的信号转导比重新启动基因表达更快，这可能导致更快的反应，由于植物的固着性质，这对植物来说尤为重要。泛素化已被广泛报道参与植物生长和发育的许多方面，并且在很大程度上取决于其靶蛋白。因此，探索新的泛素化蛋白/位点以获得对其机制和功能的新见解具有很高的兴趣。在过去的几十年中，由于泛素化蛋白（或肽）亲和性和质谱技术的进步，不同植物中的泛素化蛋白广泛进行了蛋白质谱分析。这些大量的泛素化蛋白/位点的信息有助于揭示植物中泛素化的机制。在这篇综述中，我们总结了蛋白质泛素化的最新进展，以获得该领域全面和最新的知识。此外，还对当前和未来的挑战和障碍进行了综述和讨论。
