Yuan Chuanjian, Liu Lyuye, Zeng Duorong, Yuan Jinxiang, Guo Liyuan, Zhang Junling
Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
Front Microbiol. 2025 Jul 9;16:1566267. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1566267. eCollection 2025.
Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disease with a complex pathogenesis closely linked to immune imbalance and oxidative stress. Currently, comprehensive curative treatments and effective relapse prevention strategies are lacking. Recently, the "gut-skin axis" hypothesis has offered new insights into the pathological mechanisms of vitiligo. Studies indicate that gut microbiota and their metabolic products significantly affect disease progression by regulating immune homeostasis and inflammatory responses in the host. This review systematically examines the effects of short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and tryptophan metabolites on the human immune system and the inflammatory milieu, and their direct impact on melanocytes. Furthermore, considering the reduced diversity of gut microbiota in individuals with vitiligo, this article also evaluates methods including probiotic intervention, the Mediterranean diet, and fecal microbiota transplantation, which may emerge as potential therapeutic strategies for vitiligo by restoring microbiota balance. Future multidimensional therapeutic strategies that target gut microbiota metabolites show promise for pioneering innovative approaches in vitiligo management.
白癜风是一种自身免疫性皮肤病，其发病机制复杂，与免疫失衡和氧化应激密切相关。目前，缺乏综合治疗方法和有效的预防复发策略。最近，“肠-皮肤轴”假说为白癜风的病理机制提供了新的见解。研究表明，肠道微生物群及其代谢产物通过调节宿主的免疫稳态和炎症反应，显著影响疾病进展。本文系统地研究了短链脂肪酸、次级胆汁酸和色氨酸代谢产物对人体免疫系统和炎症环境的影响，以及它们对黑素细胞的直接影响。此外，考虑到白癜风患者肠道微生物群的多样性降低，本文还评估了益生菌干预、地中海饮食和粪便微生物群移植等方法，这些方法可能通过恢复微生物群平衡而成为白癜风的潜在治疗策略。针对肠道微生物群代谢产物的未来多维治疗策略有望为白癜风的管理开创创新方法。
