Beijing Sport University, No. 48 Xinxi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
Beijing Police College, No. 11, Nanjian Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102202, People's Republic of China.
Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2020 Oct 28;18(1):350. doi: 10.1186/s12955-020-01594-8.
Existing research has rarely examined an earthquake's sustained impact and the trajectory of the earthquake survivors' life satisfaction over time. This study aims to analyze longitudinal changes in life satisfaction of Wenchuan earthquake survivors and the impact of social capital and government relief policy.
This research applied a hierarchical linear model to longitudinal survey data collected after the earthquake. The survey was divided into three waves and was collected from Deyang City and Mianyang City of Sichuan Province. A random sampling method was used; a sample of 225 participants had valid responses over three waves of the survey.
This study found that a survivor's social capital and the perception of the fairness of government relief policy have a significant effect on the trajectory of life satisfaction post-disaster. First, the initial life satisfaction of those with high social capital was significantly higher than of those with low social capital, whilst survivors with high social capital had a lower rate of change in life satisfaction. Second, one year after the earthquake, those who felt government policy was unfair had a lower life satisfaction than those who felt it was fair. However, from the first year to the fourth year after the disaster, survivors who believed that the government policy was unfair experienced a higher rate of change in life satisfaction than those who did not. Third, the fairness of government relief policy moderates the relationship between survivors' social capital and changes in life satisfaction. A fair policy of relief can reduce the negative impact of the lack of individual social capital on life satisfaction.
Survivors reconstruct life satisfaction through their social network and the perception of the fairness of the government's post-disaster relief policy. Therefore, to promote the improvement of life satisfaction of survivors, it is necessary to cultivate social capital and ensure fairness of the relief policy.
现有研究很少考察地震的持续影响以及地震幸存者的生活满意度随时间的变化轨迹。本研究旨在分析汶川地震幸存者生活满意度的纵向变化，以及社会资本和政府救灾政策的影响。
本研究采用分层线性模型对地震后收集的纵向调查数据进行分析。该调查分为三个波次，在四川省德阳市和绵阳市进行。采用随机抽样法，共有 225 名参与者在三个波次的调查中提供了有效回复。
本研究发现，幸存者的社会资本和对政府救灾政策公平性的感知对灾后生活满意度的变化轨迹有显著影响。首先，高社会资本幸存者的初始生活满意度显著高于低社会资本幸存者，而高社会资本幸存者的生活满意度变化率较低。其次，地震一年后，感到政府政策不公平的幸存者的生活满意度低于感到公平的幸存者。然而，从地震后的第一年到第四年，认为政府政策不公平的幸存者生活满意度的变化率高于不认为政府政策不公平的幸存者。第三，政府救灾政策的公平性调节了幸存者社会资本与生活满意度变化之间的关系。公平的救灾政策可以减轻个人社会资本缺乏对生活满意度的负面影响。
幸存者通过社会网络和对政府灾后救援政策公平性的感知来重建生活满意度。因此，要促进幸存者生活满意度的提高，有必要培养社会资本并确保救灾政策的公平性。
