Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
Front Immunol. 2020 Oct 7;11:576622. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.576622. eCollection 2020.
The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), poses a grave threat to global public health and imposes a severe burden on the entire human society. Like other coronaviruses, the SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes spike (S) glycoproteins, which protrude from the surface of mature virions. The S glycoprotein plays essential roles in virus attachment, fusion and entry into the host cell. Surface location of the S glycoprotein renders it a direct target for host immune responses, making it the main target of neutralizing antibodies. In the light of its crucial roles in viral infection and adaptive immunity, the S protein is the focus of most vaccine strategies as well as therapeutic interventions. In this review, we highlight and describe the recent progress that has been made in the biosynthesis, structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein, aiming to provide valuable insights into the design and development of the S protein-based vaccines as well as therapeutics.
持续的 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行，是由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的，对全球公共卫生构成严重威胁，并给全人类社会带来了严重负担。与其他冠状病毒一样，SARS-CoV-2 基因组编码刺突（S）糖蛋白，这些糖蛋白从成熟病毒粒子的表面伸出。S 糖蛋白在病毒附着、融合和进入宿主细胞中起着至关重要的作用。S 糖蛋白位于表面，使其成为宿主免疫反应的直接目标，使其成为中和抗体的主要靶标。鉴于其在病毒感染和适应性免疫中的关键作用，S 蛋白是大多数疫苗策略以及治疗干预的重点。在这篇综述中，我们强调并描述了 SARS-CoV-2 S 糖蛋白在生物合成、结构、功能和抗原性方面的最新进展，旨在为基于 S 蛋白的疫苗和疗法的设计和开发提供有价值的见解。
