Zheng Jun, Pang Qiuxia, Fu Zhaoying
Yan'an Medical College, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China.
ACS Omega. 2025 Apr 21;10(16):15840-15851. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c10933. eCollection 2025 Apr 29.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a virus of the coronaviridae family. The virus enters the cell through binding to the corresponding receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on host cell membrane with the spike protein (S protein) on its envelope; thus, we can design inhibitors that bind the S protein to block the entry of the virus into cells. Aptamers are single stranded DNA or RNA molecules that can form specific three-dimensional structures and bind their target molecules with high affinity and specificity and thus are promising candidates for S protein inhibitors. This paper reviews the replication cycle and cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the preparation principle and characteristics of aptamers, features a discussion of the advantages of using aptamers to target the S protein to prevent SARS-CoV-2 from infecting cells, and finally summarizes the research progress in S protein-blocking aptamers.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）是一种冠状病毒科病毒。该病毒通过其包膜上的刺突蛋白（S蛋白）与宿主细胞膜上相应的受体血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE2）结合进入细胞；因此，我们可以设计与S蛋白结合的抑制剂来阻断病毒进入细胞。适体是可以形成特定三维结构并以高亲和力和特异性结合其靶分子的单链DNA或RNA分子，因此是S蛋白抑制剂的有前途的候选物。本文综述了SARS-CoV-2的复制周期和细胞进入机制以及适体的制备原理和特性，讨论了使用适体靶向S蛋白以防止SARS-CoV-2感染细胞的优势，最后总结了S蛋白阻断适体的研究进展。
