French Adrienne F, Castillo-Alcala Fernanda, Gedye Kristene R, Knox Matthew A, Roe Wendi D, Gartrell Brett D
School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11- 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2020 Oct 14;13:160-170. doi: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.10.003. eCollection 2020 Dec.
In 2013 there was an outbreak of crusting ventral dermatitis among a group of juvenile rowi (), a species of the endangered New Zealand kiwi, that were being raised on an off-shore island sanctuary. Biopsies taken at the time found nematodes migrating within the epidermis of affected skin but the specific identity and origin of the organisms was not established, and sporadic cases of similar skin disease continue to occur on the island. On examination of additional sections from the original skin biopsies, adult nematodes and eggs were identified, the histomorphology of which was consistent with . PCR was performed on DNA extracted from archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of skin from eight affected rowi, using primers targeting the 18S region of nuclear ribosomal DNA and the COI gene of mitochondrial DNA of capillarid nematodes. The 18S sequences from all rowi samples were identical and matched sequences from members of the genus . In contrast, two distinct capillarid COI sequences were obtained, in one case both from the same rowi skin biopsy. While there were no close matches, both COI sequences also aligned nearest to sequences identified as spp. It is considered unlikely that two different nematode species are involved in the rowi skin lesions and the possible amplification of a COI pseudogene or "numt" is discussed. A species-level identification of the capillarid nematodes causing skin disease in rowi was not obtained, however based on histological evaluation the infections include reproductively-active adult nematodes. This finding indicates the possibility of perpetuation of the skin disease in the absence of the original source, as well as raising potential for the transfer of infection from the island when the juvenile rowi are translocated to their new habitats.
2013年，在一个近海岛屿保护区饲养的一群罗威鹦鹉（一种濒危的新西兰几维鸟）中爆发了结痂性腹侧皮炎。当时采集的活检样本发现线虫在受影响皮肤的表皮内迁移，但这些生物的具体身份和来源尚未确定，该岛屿上仍不时出现类似皮肤病病例。在检查原始皮肤活检的其他切片时，发现了成年线虫和虫卵，其组织形态学与……一致。对从8只受影响的罗威鹦鹉的存档福尔马林固定、石蜡包埋皮肤组织块中提取的DNA进行了PCR，使用针对毛细线虫核糖体DNA的18S区域和线粒体DNA的COI基因的引物。所有罗威鹦鹉样本的18S序列相同，与……属成员的序列匹配。相比之下，获得了两个不同的毛细线虫COI序列，其中一个病例的两个序列均来自同一只罗威鹦鹉的皮肤活检。虽然没有紧密匹配的序列，但两个COI序列也与被鉴定为……属的序列最接近。人们认为罗威鹦鹉皮肤病变不太可能涉及两种不同的线虫物种，并讨论了COI假基因或“numt”可能的扩增情况。虽然未获得导致罗威鹦鹉皮肤疾病的毛细线虫的物种水平鉴定结果，但基于组织学评估，感染包括具有生殖活性的成年线虫。这一发现表明，在没有原始传染源的情况下，皮肤病有可能持续存在，同时也增加了幼鸟被转移到新栖息地时该岛屿感染传播的可能性。
