School of Arts and Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Aquinas College, Nashville, TN, USA.
Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2020 Nov;25(4):201-216. doi: 10.1111/camh.12373. Epub 2020 Mar 6.
Given social networking sites (SNSs) have become a pervasive part of culture; it is critical to understand the ways in which they may be advantageous or detrimental to the mental health of young people. This systematic narrative review examined the relationships between SNS and depressive and anxiety symptoms in the child and adolescent population (5-18 years).
Four databases were searched, and all articles between January 2005 and March 2019 were identified.
Increased time spent or frequency of SNS use, and problematic and addictive behaviour on SNS were significantly associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. Two cross-sectional studies found that increased time spent or frequency of SNS use and higher levels of investment on SNS were significantly associated with higher levels of anxiety symptoms. However, other potential confounding factors could explain the relationship between SNS and depressive and anxiety symptoms, including perceived social support, social comparison and fear of missing out (FoMO).
While there is evidence that there is a relationship between SNS and anxiety and depressive symptoms, the effect size tends to be small and informed by studies of poor quality. Therefore, results should be interpreted cautiously. Methodological issues in conceptualising SNS complicated the findings. Future studies should explore the various conditions by which SNS may either interfere or enhance the development of emotional regulation in young people. These findings help to inform clinicians and educators in targeting vulnerable young people who are at risk of developing mental health problems.
鉴于社交网站（SNS）已成为文化的普遍组成部分，了解它们可能对年轻人的心理健康有益还是有害的方式至关重要。本系统叙述性评论研究了 SNS 与儿童和青少年（5-18 岁）人群的抑郁和焦虑症状之间的关系。
在 2005 年 1 月至 2019 年 3 月期间，四个数据库被检索到，所有文章都被确定下来。
花在 SNS 上的时间增加或 SNS 使用的频率增加，以及 SNS 上的问题行为和成瘾行为与更高水平的抑郁症状显著相关。两项横断面研究发现，花在 SNS 上的时间增加或 SNS 使用的频率增加，以及 SNS 上的投资水平更高，与更高水平的焦虑症状显著相关。然而，其他潜在的混杂因素可以解释 SNS 与抑郁和焦虑症状之间的关系，包括感知到的社会支持、社会比较和错失恐惧（FoMO）。
虽然有证据表明 SNS 与焦虑和抑郁症状之间存在关联，但效应大小往往较小，并且受到研究质量较差的研究的影响。因此，结果应谨慎解释。在概念化 SNS 方面的方法学问题使研究结果复杂化。未来的研究应该探索各种条件，以了解 SNS 可能会干扰或增强年轻人情绪调节的发展。这些研究结果有助于为临床医生和教育工作者提供信息，以便针对可能出现心理健康问题的易受影响的年轻人。
