Brain Behavior Laboratory and the Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Cereb Cortex. 2021 Feb 5;31(3):1444-1463. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa282.
The parieto-frontal integration theory (PFIT) identified a fronto-parietal network of regions where individual differences in brain parameters most strongly relate to cognitive performance. PFIT was supported and extended in adult samples, but not in youths or within single-scanner well-powered multimodal studies. We performed multimodal neuroimaging in 1601 youths age 8-22 on the same 3-Tesla scanner with contemporaneous neurocognitive assessment, measuring volume, gray matter density (GMD), mean diffusivity (MD), cerebral blood flow (CBF), resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging measures of the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFFs) and regional homogeneity (ReHo), and activation to a working memory and a social cognition task. Across age and sex groups, better performance was associated with higher volumes, greater GMD, lower MD, lower CBF, higher ALFF and ReHo, and greater activation for the working memory task in PFIT regions. However, additional cortical, striatal, limbic, and cerebellar regions showed comparable effects, hence PFIT needs expansion into an extended PFIT (ExtPFIT) network incorporating nodes that support motivation and affect. Associations of brain parameters became stronger with advancing age group from childhood to adolescence to young adulthood, effects occurring earlier in females. This ExtPFIT network is developmentally fine-tuned, optimizing abundance and integrity of neural tissue while maintaining a low resting energy state.
顶-额整合理论（PFIT）确定了一个额顶网络区域，个体大脑参数的差异与认知表现的关系最为密切。PFIT 在成人样本中得到了支持和扩展，但在青少年或单一扫描的高功率多模态研究中则没有。我们对 1601 名年龄在 8 至 22 岁的青少年进行了多模态神经影像学研究，这些青少年在同一台 3T 扫描仪上进行了同时的神经认知评估，测量了体积、灰质密度（GMD）、平均扩散系数（MD）、脑血流（CBF）、静息态功能磁共振成像的低频波动幅度（ALFF）和局部一致性（ReHo），以及工作记忆和社会认知任务的激活。在年龄和性别组中，更好的表现与更高的体积、更大的 GMD、更低的 MD、更低的 CBF、更高的 ALFF 和 ReHo 以及工作记忆任务的更大激活相关。然而，额外的皮质、纹状体、边缘和小脑区域也显示出类似的效果，因此 PFIT 需要扩展为一个包含支持动机和情感的节点的扩展 PFIT（ExtPFIT）网络。大脑参数的关联随着年龄的增长而增强，从儿童期到青春期再到成年早期，女性的影响出现得更早。这个 ExtPFIT 网络是发育上的微调，优化了神经组织的丰富度和完整性，同时保持低静息能量状态。
