Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
Cereb Cortex. 2024 Jun 4;34(6). doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhae223.
Neuroimaging is a popular method to map brain structural and functional patterns to complex human traits. Recently published observations cast doubt upon these prospects, particularly for prediction of cognitive traits from structural and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We leverage baseline data from thousands of children in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study to inform the replication sample size required with univariate and multivariate methods across different imaging modalities to detect reproducible brain-behavior associations. We demonstrate that by applying multivariate methods to high-dimensional brain imaging data, we can capture lower dimensional patterns of structural and functional brain architecture that correlate robustly with cognitive phenotypes and are reproducible with only 41 individuals in the replication sample for working memory-related functional MRI, and ~ 100 subjects for structural and resting state MRI. Even with 100 random re-samplings of 100 subjects in discovery, prediction can be adequately powered with 66 subjects in replication for multivariate prediction of cognition with working memory task functional MRI. These results point to an important role for neuroimaging in translational neurodevelopmental research and showcase how findings in large samples can inform reproducible brain-behavior associations in small sample sizes that are at the heart of many research programs and grants.
神经影像学是一种将大脑结构和功能模式映射到复杂人类特征的流行方法。最近发表的观察结果对这些前景提出了质疑，特别是对于从结构和静息状态功能磁共振成像（MRI）预测认知特征。我们利用青少年大脑认知发展研究中的数千名儿童的基线数据，告知不同成像方式的单变量和多变量方法所需的复制样本量，以检测可重复的大脑-行为关联。我们证明，通过将多变量方法应用于高维脑成像数据，我们可以捕捉到与认知表型相关的结构和功能大脑结构的低维模式，这些模式具有很强的相关性，并且在工作记忆相关功能 MRI 的复制样本中仅需要 41 个人，在结构和静息状态 MRI 中需要约 100 个个体即可重现。即使在发现中对 100 个个体进行 100 次随机重采样，对于使用工作记忆任务功能 MRI 的认知进行多元预测，在复制中也可以通过 66 个个体充分发挥预测能力。这些结果表明神经影像学在转化神经发育研究中具有重要作用，并展示了如何从大样本中获得的发现可以为许多研究计划和资助的核心小样本中可重复的大脑-行为关联提供信息。
