Department of Psychology, University of Mannheim.
Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2021 Jun;120(6):1662-1695. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000364. Epub 2020 Oct 29.
How relevant are the Big Five in predicting religiosity? Existing evidence suggests that the Big Five domains account for only a small amount of variance in religiosity. Some researchers have claimed that the Big Five domains are too broad and not sufficiently specific to explain much religiosity variance. Accordingly, they speculated that the more specific Big Five facets should predict religiosity better. Yet, such research has generally been sparse, monocultural, descriptive, process-inattentive, and somewhat contradictory in its results. Therefore, we conducted three large-scale, cross-cultural, theory-driven, and process-attentive studies. Study 1 (N = 2,277,240) used self-reports across 96 countries, Study 2 (N = 555,235) used informant-reports across 57 countries, and Study 3 (N = 1,413,982) used self-reports across 2,176 cities, 279 states, and 29 countries. Our results were highly consistent across studies. Contrary to widespread assumptions, the Big Five facets did not explain substantially more variance in religiosity than the Big Five domains. Moreover, culture was much more important than previously assumed. More specifically, the Big Five facets collectively explained little variance in religiosity in the least religious cultural contexts (4.2%) but explained substantial variance in religiosity in the most religious cultural contexts (19.5%). In conclusion, the Big Five facets are major predictors of religiosity, but only in religious cultural contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
大五人格在预测宗教信仰方面有多大的相关性？现有证据表明，大五人格领域仅能解释宗教信仰的一小部分差异。一些研究人员声称，大五人格领域过于宽泛，不够具体，无法解释太多的宗教信仰差异。因此，他们推测更具体的大五人格特质应该能更好地预测宗教信仰。然而，此类研究通常较为稀少、单一文化、描述性的、过程不关注的，并且结果有些相互矛盾。因此，我们进行了三项大规模的、跨文化的、理论驱动的、过程关注的研究。研究 1（N=2,277,240）使用了 96 个国家的自我报告，研究 2（N=555,235）使用了 57 个国家的知情者报告，研究 3（N=1,413,982）使用了 279 个州和 29 个国家的自我报告。我们的研究结果在各研究中高度一致。与普遍的假设相反，大五人格特质并不能比大五人格领域更能解释宗教信仰的差异。此外，文化比以前认为的更为重要。更具体地说，大五人格特质在最不宗教化的文化背景下对宗教信仰的解释力很小（4.2%），但在最宗教化的文化背景下对宗教信仰的解释力很大（19.5%）。总之，大五人格特质是宗教信仰的主要预测因素，但仅在宗教文化背景下如此。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2021 APA，保留所有权利）。
