Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Department of Biomedical Engineering and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Cells. 2020 Oct 27;9(11):2360. doi: 10.3390/cells9112360.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel human coronavirus that has sparked a global pandemic of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). The virus invades human cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor-driven pathway, primarily targeting the human respiratory tract. However, emerging reports of neurological manifestations demonstrate the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2. This review highlights the possible routes by which SARS-CoV-2 may invade the central nervous system (CNS) and provides insight into recent case reports of COVID-19-associated neurological disorders, namely ischaemic stroke, encephalitis, encephalopathy, epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory-mediated neurological disorders. We hypothesize that SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion, neuroinflammation, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction may be implicated in the development of the observed disorders; however, further research is critical to understand the detailed mechanisms and pathway of infectivity behind CNS pathogenesis.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）是一种新型的人类冠状病毒，引发了 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的全球大流行。该病毒通过血管紧张素转换酶 2（ACE2）受体驱动途径入侵人体细胞，主要靶向人体呼吸道。然而，越来越多的神经系统表现报告表明 SARS-CoV-2 具有神经侵袭性。本综述强调了 SARS-CoV-2 可能入侵中枢神经系统（CNS）的可能途径，并提供了对 COVID-19 相关神经系统疾病的最新病例报告的深入了解，即缺血性中风、脑炎、脑病、癫痫、神经退行性疾病和炎症介导的神经系统疾病。我们假设 SARS-CoV-2 的神经侵袭、神经炎症和血脑屏障（BBB）功能障碍可能与观察到的疾病的发展有关；然而，为了了解中枢神经系统发病机制背后的详细机制和感染途径，还需要进一步的研究。
