Findor Andrej, Lášticová Barbara, Hruška Matej, Popper Miroslav, Váradi Luca
Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Institute for Research in Social Communication, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Front Psychol. 2020 Oct 6;11:566725. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566725. eCollection 2020.
Response instructions-inviting participants to respond from a certain perspective-can significantly influence the performance and construct validity of psychological measures. Stereotype Content Model (SCM) and then the BIAS map ("behaviors from intergroup affect and stereotypes") were originally developed as universal measures of shared cultural stereotypes-participants' perceptions of what most of the people in a society think about the target group-and their related social-structural antecedents, emotions and behavioral tendencies. Yet a number of studies have adopted a different response instruction focusing on individual stereotypes-what the participants personally think about the target group. So far, there is little evidence to suggest how these two different response instructions (individual vs. shared cultural perspective) might influence the performance of the BIAS map, especially when applied to target groups that elicit different normative and social desirability concerns. To provide novel evidence, we conducted an experiment with a representative sample of ethnic Slovaks ( = 1269). In a 2 × 2 factorial design, we found response instruction (individual vs. shared cultural perspective) and target group [stigmatized ethnic minority (the Roma) vs. non-stigmatized ethnic minority (the Hungarians)] had significant effects on the BIAS map and their interaction had significant effects on the social structure and behavioral tendencies (but not on stereotypes and emotions) scales. Exploratory analysis also points to partial influence on the mediation hypothesis underlying the BIAS map and minor effects on its scale properties. Our evidence suggests that the difference between individual stereotypes and shared cultural stereotypes partially depends on the target group in question and that they should be treated as two potentially separate constructs.
反应指令——邀请参与者从特定角度做出反应——会显著影响心理测量的表现和结构效度。刻板印象内容模型（SCM）以及随后的BIAS地图（“群体间情感和刻板印象产生的行为”）最初是作为共享文化刻板印象的通用测量方法而开发的，即参与者对社会中大多数人对目标群体的看法以及与之相关的社会结构前因、情感和行为倾向的认知。然而，许多研究采用了不同的反应指令，侧重于个体刻板印象，即参与者个人对目标群体的看法。到目前为止，几乎没有证据表明这两种不同的反应指令（个体视角与共享文化视角）如何影响BIAS地图的表现，尤其是当应用于引发不同规范和社会期望问题的目标群体时。为了提供新的证据，我们对斯洛伐克族代表性样本（N = 1269）进行了一项实验。在2×2析因设计中，我们发现反应指令（个体视角与共享文化视角）和目标群体[被污名化的少数民族（罗姆人）与未被污名化的少数民族（匈牙利人）]对BIAS地图有显著影响，它们的交互作用对社会结构和行为倾向（但对刻板印象和情感无影响）量表有显著影响。探索性分析还指出了对BIAS地图潜在中介假设的部分影响以及对其量表属性的微小影响。我们的证据表明，个体刻板印象和共享文化刻板印象之间的差异部分取决于所讨论的目标群体，并且它们应被视为两个潜在的独立结构。
