Gärtner Laura, Asbrock Frank, Euteneuer Frank, Rief Winfried, Salzmann Stefan
Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Department of Psychology, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2022 Jun 14;13:877491. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.877491. eCollection 2022.
Self-stigma arising from public stigma is a heavy burden for people suffering from mental health problems. Both public stigma and self-stigma encompass the same three elements: stereotype, prejudice, and discrimination. Public stigma has already been successfully explored by the Stereotype Content Model (SCM) and the Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes (BIAS) map. However, this is not the case for self-stigma. Therefore, this is the first study that applies SCM and the BIAS map to self-stigma by examining whether the effects of self-stereotypes on self-directed discrimination would be mediated by self-directed prejudices in people with mental health problems.
Within a total sample of = 823 participants, who took part in an online survey, = 336 people reported mental health problems. Mental health and self-stereotypes (warmth, competence), self-directed prejudice (negative emotions), and self-directed discrimination (active/passive self-harm) were assessed.
Structural equation modeling supported the hypothesis that the stereotype dimensions warmth and competence negatively related to prejudice, while stronger prejudice was associated with more discrimination (active/passive self-harm). Prejudice fully mediated the relationship between stereotypes and discrimination. The indirect effects of warmth and competence on active and passive self-harm were moderated by competence and warmth.
Implications for further research on self-stigma and the usage of SCM and BIAS map are discussed.
公众污名引发的自我污名对患有心理健康问题的人来说是沉重负担。公众污名和自我污名都包含相同的三个要素：刻板印象、偏见和歧视。刻板印象内容模型（SCM）和群体间情感与刻板印象行为（BIAS）地图已成功探究了公众污名。然而，自我污名并非如此。因此，本研究首次将SCM和BIAS地图应用于自我污名，通过检验心理健康问题患者中自我刻板印象对自我导向歧视的影响是否会由自我导向偏见介导。
在参与在线调查的823名总样本参与者中，336人报告有心理健康问题。评估了心理健康、自我刻板印象（热情、能力）、自我导向偏见（负面情绪）和自我导向歧视（主动/被动自我伤害）。
结构方程模型支持以下假设：刻板印象维度热情和能力与偏见呈负相关，而更强的偏见与更多歧视（主动/被动自我伤害）相关。偏见完全介导了刻板印象与歧视之间的关系。热情和能力对主动和被动自我伤害的间接影响受能力和热情调节。
讨论了对自我污名进一步研究以及SCM和BIAS地图使用的启示。
