MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
Georgetown University School of Medicine, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2021 Jun;45(3):1184-1190. doi: 10.1007/s00266-020-02030-4. Epub 2020 Oct 29.
Rhinoplasty is known to increase attractiveness; however, the influence of observer age and gender are largely undetermined.
This retrospective cross-sectional study included 20 women who underwent cosmetic rhinoplasty between January 1st, 2012, and December 31st, 2019. A total of 4 surveys were constructed with 10 sets of photographs each (5 preoperative and 5 postoperative). Surveys were designed such that photographs of the same patient were not placed in the same survey to avoid recall bias. Each of these surveys were then sent to at least 30 lay people via a web-based survey tool. Anonymous blinded respondents used a 7-point Likert scale to rate their perception of each patient's aggressiveness, likeability, sociability, trustworthiness, attractiveness, femininity, intelligence and confidence. A multivariate linear mixed effect model was applied to analyze the overall patient trait data as well as to assess age and gender differences.
This survey study included photographs of 20 women (mean age, 28.2 years) before and after cosmetic rhinoplasty. A total of 174 respondents (mean age range, 25-34 years [41%]; 108 [62%] were female) completed the survey. Overall, postoperative photographs were perceived as significantly more sociable (0.13; 95% CI, 0.01-0.25), attractive (0.21; 95% CI, 0.09-0.34), feminine (0.18; 95% CI, 0.05-0.30), and confident (0.15; 95% CI, 0.02-0.27). When analyzed by sex, men rated women as less aggressive (-0.42, 95% CI, -0.65,-0.17) and more likeable (+0.45, 95% CI, 0.21-0.69), sociable (+0.38, 95% CI, 0.14-0.62), trustworthy (+0.37, 95% CI, 0.13-0.61), attractive (+0.60, 95% CI, 0.35-0.84), feminine (+0.23, 95% CI, 0.07-0.41) and intelligent (+0.29, 95% CI, 0.04-0.53). In contrast, female respondents indicated an increase in perceived attractiveness (+0.16, 95% CI, 0.06-0.22) and femininity (+0.18, 95% CI, 0.03-0.32) for women after rhinoplasty. Raters aged 25-34 indicated improvements across all traits analyzed. Almost all age ranges rated post-operative photographs as more attractive (18-24: +0.32, 95% CI, 0.19-0.46; 25-34: +0.52, 95% CI, 0.33-0.72; 35-44: +0.29, 95% CI, 0.12-0.51; 45-54: +0.50, 95% CI, 0.11-0.89) while individuals over age 55 only indicated increased trustworthiness (+0.51, 95% CI, 0.03-0.99).
These findings suggest that cosmetic rhinoplasty improves perceptions of personality and physical traits of women with males and individuals aged 25-34 indicating the greatest benefit.
Level IV.
隆鼻术已知可提高吸引力；然而，观察者年龄和性别的影响在很大程度上仍未确定。
本回顾性横断面研究纳入了 2012 年 1 月 1 日至 2019 年 12 月 31 日期间接受美容隆鼻术的 20 名女性。共构建了 4 项调查，每项调查包含 10 组照片（术前 5 组，术后 5 组）。调查设计为避免回忆偏差，使同一位患者的照片不会放置在同一项调查中。然后，通过网络调查工具将这些调查中的每一项发送给至少 30 名非专业人士。匿名盲法受访者使用 7 点李克特量表评估每位患者的攻击性、可爱度、社交能力、可信度、吸引力、女性气质、智力和自信心。应用多元线性混合效应模型分析总体患者特征数据，并评估年龄和性别差异。
本调查研究包括 20 名女性（平均年龄 28.2 岁）隆鼻前后的照片。共有 174 名受访者（平均年龄范围 25-34 岁[41%]；108 名[62%]为女性）完成了调查。总体而言，术后照片被认为更具社交性（0.13；95%置信区间，0.01-0.25）、更有吸引力（0.21；95%置信区间，0.09-0.34）、更具女性气质（0.18；95%置信区间，0.05-0.30）和更自信（0.15；95%置信区间，0.02-0.27）。按性别分析时，男性认为女性攻击性降低（-0.42，95%置信区间，-0.65，-0.17）、更可爱（+0.45，95%置信区间，0.21-0.69）、更具社交性（+0.38，95%置信区间，0.14-0.62）、更值得信赖（+0.37，95%置信区间，0.13-0.61）、更有吸引力（+0.60，95%置信区间，0.35-0.84）、更具女性气质（+0.23，95%置信区间，0.07-0.41）和更聪明（+0.29，95%置信区间，0.04-0.53）。相比之下，女性受访者表示，隆鼻后女性的吸引力（+0.16，95%置信区间，0.06-0.22）和女性气质（+0.18，95%置信区间，0.03-0.32）增加。25-34 岁的评分者表明所有分析的特征都有所改善。几乎所有年龄范围的人都认为术后照片更有吸引力（18-24 岁：+0.32，95%置信区间，0.19-0.46；25-34 岁：+0.52，95%置信区间，0.33-0.72；35-44 岁：+0.29，95%置信区间，0.12-0.51；45-54 岁：+0.50，95%置信区间，0.11-0.89），而年龄超过 55 岁的个体仅表示信任度增加（+0.51，95%置信区间，0.03-0.99）。
这些发现表明，隆鼻术可改善女性的个性和身体特征感知，男性和 25-34 岁的个体认为受益最大。
IV 级。
