Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 318 W. 12th Avenue, 300 Aronoff Laboratory, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, 1760 Neil Avenue, 175 Pomerene Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
Ecol Lett. 2021 Feb;24(2):196-207. doi: 10.1111/ele.13631. Epub 2020 Oct 30.
Mountain systems are exceptionally species rich, yet the associated elevational gradients in functional and phylogenetic diversity and their consistency across latitude remain little understood. Here, we document how avian functional and phylogenetic diversity and structure vary along all major elevational gradients worldwide and uncover strong latitudinal differences. Assemblages in warm tropical lowlands and cold temperate highlands are marked by high functional overdispersion and distinctiveness, whereas tropical highlands and temperate lowlands appear strongly functionally clustered and redundant. We additionally find strong geographic variation in the interplay of phylogenetic and functional structure, with strongest deviations between the two in temperate highlands. This latitudinal and elevational variation in assemblage functional structure is underpinned by nuanced shifts in the position, shape and composition of multivariate trait space. We find that, independent of latitude, high-elevation assemblages emerge as exceptionally susceptible to functional change.
山脉系统的物种丰富度非常高，但功能和系统发育多样性的相关海拔梯度及其在纬度上的一致性仍知之甚少。在这里，我们记录了鸟类的功能和系统发育多样性和结构如何沿全球所有主要海拔梯度变化，并揭示了强烈的纬度差异。温暖的热带低地和寒冷的温带高地的集合以高功能离散度和独特性为特征，而热带高地和温带低地的功能则表现出强烈的聚类和冗余。我们还发现了系统发育和功能结构之间相互作用的强烈地理变化，其中在温带高地两者之间的偏差最大。这种在集合功能结构上的纬度和海拔变化是由多元特征空间的位置、形状和组成的细微变化所支撑的。我们发现，无论纬度如何，高海拔集合都表现出对功能变化的异常敏感性。
