Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
Food Environ Virol. 2021 Mar;13(1):53-63. doi: 10.1007/s12560-020-09450-0. Epub 2020 Oct 31.
The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological and molecular surveillance of rotaviruses in tap water, recycled water, and sewage sludge in Thailand from 2007 to 2018. Three hundred and seventy tap water, 202 recycled water, and 72 sewage sludge samples were collected and processed to detect the rotavirus VP7 gene using RT-nested PCR. Rotavirus G genotypes were identified by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The frequency of rotavirus detection was 0.54% of the tap water samples, 30.2% of the recycled water samples, and 50.0% of the sewage sludge samples. During the 12-year surveillance, G1 was prevalent most years and constantly predominant in recycled water and sewage sludge. G2 was identified in a tap water sample and in recycled water samples. G3 and G9 were observed in both recycled water and sewage sludge samples. The uncommon G6 rotavirus strain was identified in one recycled water sample. The rotavirus VP4 gene was detected in rotavirus strains with an identified G genotype using RT-multiplex nested PCR. The unusual P[6] genotype was the most frequently detected, followed by mixed P[6]/[4] and P[4] genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis of both G and P genotypes showed a close genetic relationship with sequences of human rotavirus strains. The high nucleotide identity of the rotavirus strains found in this study to human rotavirus strains suggests that the rotaviruses are derived from human source. These results represent useful epidemiological and molecular information for evaluating rotavirus distribution in water for consumption and irrigation, and in biosolids for agricultural application.
本研究旨在描述 2007 年至 2018 年泰国自来水中、再生水中和污水污泥中轮状病毒的流行病学和分子监测情况。采集了 370 份自来水、202 份再生水和 72 份污水污泥样本，采用 RT-nested PCR 法检测轮状病毒 VP7 基因。通过 DNA 测序和系统进化分析鉴定轮状病毒 G 基因型。自来水中轮状病毒检出率为 0.54%，再生水中轮状病毒检出率为 30.2%，污水污泥中轮状病毒检出率为 50.0%。在 12 年的监测期间，G1 是最常见的基因型，在再生水和污水污泥中始终占优势。在一份自来水样本和再生水中鉴定出 G2 型，在再生水和污水污泥中均鉴定出 G3 和 G9 型。在一份再生水中鉴定出罕见的 G6 型轮状病毒。采用 RT-multiplex nested PCR 法检测到具有确定 G 基因型的轮状病毒株的 VP4 基因。最常检测到的是不常见的 P[6]基因型，其次是混合 P[6]/[4]和 P[4]基因型。G 和 P 基因型的系统进化分析显示与人类轮状病毒株的遗传关系密切。本研究中发现的轮状病毒株与人类轮状病毒株的核苷酸同源性很高，提示这些轮状病毒源自人类。这些结果为评估轮状病毒在饮用水、灌溉用水和农业应用中生物污泥中的分布提供了有用的流行病学和分子信息。
