Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Orthodontic, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Cytokine. 2021 Jan;137:155312. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155312. Epub 2020 Oct 12.
COVID-19, as a newly-emerged viral infection has now spread all over the world after originating in Wuhan, China. Pneumonia is the hallmark of the disease, with dyspnea in half of the patients and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in up to one -third of the cases. Pulmonary edema, neutrophilic infiltration, and inflammatory cytokine release are the pathologic signs of this disease. The anti-inflammatory effect of the photobiomodulation (PBM) has been confirmed in many previous studies. Therefore, this review study was conducted to evaluate the direct effect of PBM on the acute lung inflammation or ARDS and also accelerating the regeneration of the damaged tissues. The indirect effects of PBM on modulation of the immune system, increasing the blood flow and oxygenation in other tissues were also considered.
The databases of PubMed, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar were searched to find the relevant studies. Keywords included the PBM and related terms, lung inflammation, and COVID-19 -related signs. Studies were categorized with respect to the target tissue, laser parameters, and their results.
Seventeen related papers were included in this review. All of them were in animal models. They showed that the PBM could significantly decrease the pulmonary edema, neutrophil influx, and generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), reactive oxygen species (ROS), isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2)).
Our findings revealed that the PBM could be helpful in reducing the lung inflammation and promoting the regeneration of the damaged tissue. PBM can increase the oxygenation indirectly in order to rehabilitate the affected organs. Thus, the infra-red lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are recommended in this regard.
COVID-19 是一种新出现的病毒感染，起源于中国武汉，现已在全球蔓延。肺炎是该病的标志，一半患者有呼吸困难，多达三分之一的患者有急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）。肺水肿、中性粒细胞浸润和炎症细胞因子释放是该病的病理标志。许多先前的研究已经证实了光生物调节（PBM）的抗炎作用。因此，进行了这项综述研究，以评估 PBM 对急性肺炎症或 ARDS 的直接作用，并加速受损组织的再生。还考虑了 PBM 对免疫系统调节、增加其他组织的血流量和氧合作用的间接影响。
在 PubMed、Cochrane 图书馆和 Google Scholar 数据库中搜索相关研究。关键词包括 PBM 及相关术语、肺炎症和 COVID-19 相关症状。根据目标组织、激光参数及其结果对研究进行分类。
本综述纳入了 17 篇相关文献。它们均为动物模型研究，表明 PBM 可显著降低肺水肿、中性粒细胞浸润和促炎细胞因子（肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素 1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素 6（IL-6）、细胞间黏附分子（ICAM）、活性氧（ROS）、一氧化氮合酶同工型（iNOS）和巨噬细胞炎症蛋白 2（MIP-2））的产生。
我们的研究结果表明，PBM 有助于减轻肺炎症并促进受损组织的再生。PBM 可通过间接增加氧合作用来恢复受影响的器官。因此，建议使用红外线激光器或发光二极管（LED）。
