Senior Data Analyst at Private Organization, Gurugram, Haryana 122001,M.S. (Pharma) in Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India.
Principal Research Analyst at Private Organization Jaipur, Rajasthan 302021, M.S. (Pharma) in Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India.
Life Sci. 2021 Jan 1;264:118676. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118676. Epub 2020 Oct 28.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2) is a membrane-bound enzyme that cleaves angiotensin II (Ang II) into angiotensin (1-7). It also serves as an important binding site for SARS-CoV-2, thereby, facilitating viral entry into target host cells. ACE 2 is abundantly present in the intestine, kidney, heart, lungs, and fetal tissues. Fetal ACE 2 is involved in myocardium growth, lungs and brain development. ACE 2 is highly expressed in pregnant women to compensate preeclampsia by modulating angiotensin (1-7) which binds to the Mas receptor, having vasodilator action and maintain fluid homeostasis. There are reports available on Zika, H1N1 and SARS-CoV where these viruses have shown to produce fetal defects but very little is known about SARS-CoV-2 involvement in pregnancy, but it might have the potential to interact with fetal ACE 2 and enhance COVID-19 transmission to the fetus, leading to fetal morbidity and mortality. This review sheds light on a path of SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk in pregnancy and its possible link with fetal ACE 2.
血管紧张素转化酶 2（ACE2）是一种膜结合酶，可将血管紧张素 II（Ang II）切割成血管紧张素（1-7）。它也是 SARS-CoV-2 的重要结合位点，从而促进病毒进入靶宿主细胞。ACE2 在肠道、肾脏、心脏、肺和胎儿组织中大量存在。胎儿 ACE2 参与心肌生长、肺和脑发育。ACE2 在孕妇中大量表达，通过调节与 Mas 受体结合的血管紧张素（1-7）来代偿子痫前期，具有血管扩张作用并维持液体平衡。有关于寨卡病毒、H1N1 和 SARS-CoV 的报道表明，这些病毒会导致胎儿畸形，但对于 SARS-CoV-2 与妊娠的关系知之甚少，但它可能有潜力与胎儿 ACE2 相互作用，增加 COVID-19 向胎儿的传播，导致胎儿发病率和死亡率。本综述阐明了 SARS-CoV-2 在妊娠期间传播风险的途径及其与胎儿 ACE2 的可能联系。
