University of Houston, Department of Health and Human Performance, Houston, TX, USA.
Montana State University, Department of Psychology, Bozeman, MT, USA.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2020 Dec;158:331-339. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.10.010. Epub 2020 Oct 29.
Insufficient sleep during childhood can lead to physical and mental health issues. In adults, sleep disturbances have been associated with altered levels of stress hormones and inflammatory cytokines, but data in youth is lacking. The aim of this study was to explore relationships between objective measures of sleep and salivary biomarkers in children and adolescents. Participants (N = 55, aged 8-16 years, 53% female) wore an actigraph sleep monitor in their home for seven nights and completed sleep diaries and the School Sleep Habits Survey (SSHS). Participants also donated first waking saliva samples, which were later assayed for α-amylase (sAA), cortisol, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β. While sAA was not associated with objective sleep it did show a positive association with self-reported sleep disturbance. Morning cortisol levels were associated with objective sleep variables, including minutes spent awake the night before sampling, and sleep efficiency and awakenings the night after sampling. Morning IL-6 was associated with prior night sleep efficiency and minutes spent awake the night after saliva sampling. Likewise, IL-1β levels were associated with sleep duration and sleep onset latency during the nighttime sleep period prior to and after saliva sampling. These results align with other data to indicate objective elements of sleep are related to salivary cortisol, IL-6, and IL-1β in youth. Thus, quality of sleep on the night prior to sampling should be considered when investigating levels of salivary mediators in children.
儿童时期睡眠不足会导致身心健康问题。在成年人中，睡眠障碍与应激激素和炎性细胞因子水平改变有关，但在年轻人中数据缺乏。本研究旨在探讨儿童和青少年的客观睡眠测量指标与唾液生物标志物之间的关系。参与者（N=55，年龄 8-16 岁，53%为女性）在家中佩戴睡眠监测器 7 晚，并填写睡眠日记和学校睡眠习惯调查问卷（SSHS）。参与者还提供了第一次清晨唾液样本，随后对唾液样本中的 α-淀粉酶（sAA）、皮质醇、白细胞介素（IL）-6 和 IL-1β进行了检测。虽然 sAA 与客观睡眠无关，但它与自我报告的睡眠障碍呈正相关。早晨皮质醇水平与客观睡眠变量相关，包括采样前一晚醒来的分钟数、睡眠效率和采样后一晚的醒来次数。早晨 IL-6 与前一晚的睡眠效率和采样后一晚醒来的分钟数相关。同样，IL-1β 水平与夜间睡眠期间的睡眠时间和入睡潜伏期有关。这些结果与其他数据一致，表明客观的睡眠因素与年轻人的唾液皮质醇、IL-6 和 IL-1β 有关。因此，在研究儿童唾液介体水平时，应考虑采样前一晚的睡眠质量。
