Bosgraaf Liesbeth, Spreen Marinus, Pattiselanno Kim, van Hooren Susan
Faculty of Healthcare and Social Work, NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, Netherlands.
Alliade, Care Group, Heerenveen, Netherlands.
Front Psychol. 2020 Oct 8;11:584685. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.584685. eCollection 2020.
Art therapy (AT) is frequently offered to children and adolescents with psychosocial problems. AT is an experiential form of treatment in which the use of art materials, the process of creation in the presence and guidance of an art therapist, and the resulting artwork are assumed to contribute to the reduction of psychosocial problems. Although previous research reports positive effects, there is a lack of knowledge on which (combination of) art therapeutic components contribute to the reduction of psychosocial problems in children and adolescents. A systematic narrative review was conducted to give an overview of AT interventions for children and adolescents with psychosocial problems. Fourteen databases and four electronic journals up to January 2020 were systematically searched. The applied means and forms of expression, therapist behavior, supposed mechanisms of change, and effects were extracted and coded. Thirty-seven studies out of 1,299 studies met the inclusion criteria. This concerned 16 randomized controlled trials, eight controlled trials, and 13 single-group pre-post design studies. AT interventions for children and adolescents are characterized by a variety of materials/techniques, forms of structure such as giving topics or assignments, and the use of language. Three forms of therapist behavior were seen: non-directive, directive, and eclectic. All three forms of therapist behavior, in combination with a variety of means and forms of expression, showed significant effects on psychosocial problems. The results showed that the use of means and forms of expression and therapist behavior is applied flexibly. This suggests the responsiveness of AT, in which means and forms of expression and therapist behavior are applied to respond to the client's needs and circumstances, thereby giving positive results for psychosocial outcomes. For future studies, presenting detailed information on the potential beneficial effects of used therapeutic perspectives, means, art techniques, and therapist behavior is recommended to get a better insight into (un)successful art therapeutic elements.
艺术疗法（AT）经常被提供给有心理社会问题的儿童和青少年。艺术疗法是一种体验式治疗形式，其中艺术材料的使用、在艺术治疗师在场和指导下的创作过程以及创作出来的艺术品被认为有助于减少心理社会问题。尽管先前的研究报告了积极效果，但对于哪些艺术治疗成分（组合）有助于减少儿童和青少年的心理社会问题，人们还缺乏了解。进行了一项系统性叙述性综述，以概述针对有心理社会问题的儿童和青少年的艺术疗法干预措施。系统检索了截至2020年1月的14个数据库和4种电子期刊。提取并编码了所应用的手段和表达形式、治疗师行为、假定的改变机制以及效果。1299项研究中有37项符合纳入标准。这包括16项随机对照试验、8项对照试验和13项单组前后设计研究。针对儿童和青少年的艺术疗法干预措施的特点是使用各种材料/技术、诸如给出主题或任务的结构形式以及语言的运用。观察到三种治疗师行为形式：非指导性、指导性和折衷性。所有这三种治疗师行为形式，与各种手段和表达形式相结合，都对心理社会问题产生了显著影响。结果表明，手段和表达形式以及治疗师行为的使用是灵活的。这表明艺术疗法具有响应性，即手段和表达形式以及治疗师行为被应用于回应来访者的需求和情况，从而为心理社会结果带来积极成效。对于未来的研究，建议提供关于所使用的治疗观点、手段、艺术技术和治疗师行为的潜在有益效果的详细信息，以便更好地了解（不）成功的艺术治疗要素。
