Fritz Ken M, Nadeau Tracie-Lynn, Kelso Julia E, Beck Whitney S, Mazor Raphael D, Harrington Rachel A, Topping Brian J
Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
Region 10, US Environmental Protection Agency, Portland, OR 97205, USA.
Water (Basel). 2020 Sep 11;12(9):1-2545. doi: 10.3390/w12092545.
Streamflow duration is used to differentiate reaches into discrete classes (e.g., perennial, intermittent, and ephemeral) for water resource management. Because the depiction of the extent and flow duration of streams via existing maps, remote sensing, and gauging is constrained, field-based tools are needed for use by practitioners and to validate hydrography and modeling advances. Streamflow Duration Assessment Methods (SDAMs) are rapid, reach-scale indices or models that use physical and biological indicators to predict flow duration class. We review the scientific basis for indicators and present conceptual and operational frameworks for SDAM development. Indicators can be responses to or controls of flow duration. Aquatic and terrestrial responses can be integrated into SDAMs, reflecting concurrent increases and decreases along the flow duration gradient. The conceptual framework for data-driven SDAM development shows interrelationships among the key components: study reaches, hydrologic data, and indicators. We present a generalized operational framework for SDAM development that integrates the data-driven components through five process steps: preparation, data collection, data analysis, evaluation, and implementation. We highlight priorities for the advancement of SDAMs, including expansion of gauging of nonperennial reaches, use of citizen science data, adjusting for stressor gradients, and statistical and monitoring advances to improve indicator effectiveness.
径流持续时间用于将河段划分为不同的类别（例如，常年性、间歇性和临时性），以进行水资源管理。由于通过现有地图、遥感和测量来描述溪流的范围和径流持续时间存在局限性，因此需要基于实地的工具供从业者使用，并用于验证水文地理学和建模进展。径流持续时间评估方法（SDAMs）是快速的、河段尺度的指标或模型，它们使用物理和生物指标来预测径流持续时间类别。我们回顾了指标的科学依据，并提出了SDAM开发的概念框架和操作框架。指标可以是对径流持续时间的响应或控制因素。水生和陆地响应可以整合到SDAMs中，反映出沿径流持续时间梯度同时出现的增加和减少。数据驱动的SDAM开发的概念框架展示了关键组成部分之间的相互关系：研究河段、水文数据和指标。我们提出了一个SDAM开发的通用操作框架，该框架通过五个流程步骤整合数据驱动的组成部分：准备、数据收集、数据分析、评估和实施。我们强调了SDAMs发展的优先事项，包括扩大对非常年性河段的测量、使用公民科学数据、针对压力梯度进行调整，以及在统计和监测方面取得进展以提高指标的有效性。
