Diao Stephanie M, Poppenga Robert H, Gonzales Alarcio Gwendolyne, Foley Janet E, Bandivadekar Ruta R, Aston Linda S, Tell Lisa A
Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
Front Vet Sci. 2020 Sep 29;7:637. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00637. eCollection 2020.
Retinol (vitamin A) and α-tocopherol (vitamin E) concentrations were measured in tissue samples (liver, heart, pectoral muscle, and brain) from Anna's Hummingbirds (). Hummingbirds were after-hatch year birds that were sourced from various rehabilitation centers throughout California. Tissues samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation (SD), and median ppm concentrations were calculated for each vitamin and tissue sample type. A novel analytical method was developed to analyze small mass tissue samples, with the smallest sample mass being 0.05 g for which analysis can be performed. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) concentrations of retinol in hummingbird livers, hearts, and pectoral muscle samples were 269.0 ± 216.9 ppm, 1.8 ± 2.2 ppm, and 0.3 ± 0.1 ppm, respectively. Mean ± SD α-tocopherol concentrations were 6.9 ± 4.6 ppm, 5.5 ± 4.0 ppm, 3.7 ± 2.2 ppm, and 9.1 ± 3.2 ppm for liver, heart, pectoral muscle, and brain samples, respectively. Vitamin concentrations from varying tissue types were compared to determine which were best associated with liver concentrations, the most commonly analyzed tissue for these vitamins. For both retinol and α-tocopherol, heart samples were most strongly associated with the liver samples. The results of this study provide baseline retinol and α-tocopherol concentrations in different tissue types from Anna's hummingbirds. These baseline values may be utilized in conservation efforts to avoid hypervitaminosis and hypovitaminosis of rehabilitated and/or captive hummingbirds by providing guidelines for nutritional targets which could be assessed on post-mortem examinations. Post-mortem examination of birds and measurement of vitamin concentrations in tissues may allow for dietary changes that aid captive hummingbirds.
在安娜氏蜂鸟的组织样本（肝脏、心脏、胸肌和大脑）中测量了视黄醇（维生素A）和α-生育酚（维生素E）的浓度。这些蜂鸟是来自加利福尼亚州各地不同康复中心的孵化后一年的鸟类。组织样本采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）进行分析。计算了每种维生素和组织样本类型的最低、最高、平均、标准差（SD）和中位数ppm浓度。开发了一种新的分析方法来分析小质量的组织样本，可进行分析的最小样本质量为0.05克。蜂鸟肝脏、心脏和胸肌样本中视黄醇的平均±标准差（SD）浓度分别为269.0±216.9 ppm、1.8±2.2 ppm和0.3±0.1 ppm。肝脏、心脏、胸肌和大脑样本中α-生育酚的平均±SD浓度分别为6.9±4.6 ppm、5.5±4.0 ppm、3.7±2.2 ppm和9.1±3.2 ppm。比较了不同组织类型的维生素浓度，以确定哪些与肝脏浓度最相关，肝脏是这些维生素最常分析的组织。对于视黄醇和α-生育酚，心脏样本与肝脏样本的相关性最强。本研究结果提供了安娜氏蜂鸟不同组织类型中视黄醇和α-生育酚的基线浓度。这些基线值可用于保护工作，通过提供可在尸检时评估的营养目标指南，避免康复和/或圈养蜂鸟出现维生素过多症和维生素缺乏症。对鸟类进行尸检并测量组织中的维生素浓度可能有助于为圈养蜂鸟调整饮食。
