移植研究中作者身份和引用方面的性别差异。
Gender Disparities in Authorships and Citations in Transplantation Research.
作者信息
Benjamens Stan, Banning Louise B D, van den Berg Tamar A J, Pol Robert A
机构信息
Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
出版信息
Transplant Direct. 2020 Oct 19;6(11):e614. doi: 10.1097/TXD.0000000000001072. eCollection 2020 Nov.
BACKGROUND
Over the past decades, there has been a rapid change in the gender ratio of medical doctors, whereas gender differences in academia remain apparent. In transplantation research, a field already understaffed with female doctors and researchers, there is little published data on the development in proportion, citations, and funding of female researchers over the past years.
METHODS
To evaluate the academic impact of female doctors in transplantation research, we conducted a bibliometric analysis (01 January 1999 to 31 December 2018) of high-impact scientific publications, subsequent citations, and funding in this field. Web of Science data was used in combination with software R-Package "Gender," to predict gender by first names.
RESULTS
For this study, 15 498 (36.2% female; 63.8% male) first and 13 345 (30.2% female; 69.8% male) last author gender matches were identified. An increase in the percentage of female first and last authors is seen in the period 1999-2018, with clear differences between countries (55.1% female authors in The Netherlands versus 13.1% in Japan, for example). When stratifying publications based on the number of citations, a decline was seen in the percentage of female authors, from 34.6%-30.7% in the first group (≤10 citations) to 20.8%-23.2% in the fifth group (>200 citations), for first ( < 0.001) and last ( = 0.014) authors, respectively. From all first author name-gender matches, 6574 (41.6% female; 58.4% male, < 0.001) publications reported external funding, with 823 (35.5% female; 64.5% male, = 0.701) reported funding by pharmaceutical companies and 1266 (36.6% female; 63.4% male, < 0.001) reporting funding by the National Institutes of Health.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first analysis of gender bias in scientific publications, subsequent citations, and funding in transplantation research. We show ongoing differences between male and female authors in citation rates and rewarded funding in this field. This requires an active approach to increase female representation in research reporting and funding rewarding.
背景
在过去几十年中，医生的性别比例发生了迅速变化，而学术界的性别差异仍然明显。在移植研究领域，女性医生和研究人员本就不足，过去几年关于女性研究人员在比例、引用率和资金方面发展情况的公开数据很少。
方法
为了评估女性医生在移植研究中的学术影响力，我们对该领域高影响力的科学出版物、后续引用情况和资金进行了文献计量分析（1999年1月1日至2018年12月31日）。使用科学网数据并结合R软件包“Gender”，通过名字预测性别。
结果
在本研究中，共识别出15498个（女性占36.2%；男性占63.8%）第一作者性别匹配和13345个（女性占30.2%；男性占69.8%）最后作者性别匹配。1999 - 2018年期间，女性第一作者和最后作者的比例有所增加，不同国家之间存在明显差异（例如，荷兰女性作者占55.1%，而日本为13.1%）。按引用次数对出版物进行分层时，女性作者的比例有所下降，对于第一作者（<0.001）和最后作者（=0.014），分别从第一组（≤10次引用）的34.6% - 30.7%降至第五组（>200次引用）的20.8% - 23.2%。在所有第一作者名字 - 性别匹配中，6574个（女性占41.6%；男性占58.4%，<0.001）出版物报告了外部资金，其中823个（女性占35.5%；男性占64.5%，=0.701）报告了制药公司的资金，1266个（女性占36.6%；男性占63.4%，<0.001）报告了美国国立卫生研究院的资金。
结论
这是首次对移植研究领域科学出版物、后续引用情况和资金方面的性别偏见进行分析。我们表明，该领域男性和女性作者在引用率和获得的资金奖励方面仍存在差异。这需要采取积极措施来提高女性在研究报告和资金奖励中的代表性。
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