Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh.
Laboratory of Field Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, Japan.
BMC Plant Biol. 2020 Nov 2;20(1):499. doi: 10.1186/s12870-020-02700-0.
Red amaranth (Amaranthus gangeticus L.) has great diversity in Bangladesh, India, and South East Asia with multipurpose uses. The bright red-violet colored A. gangeticus is a popular and low-cost leafy vegetable in the Asian continent including Bangladesh and India because of attractive leaf color, taste, adequate nutraceuticals, phenolic compounds, and sole source of betalains. The natural colors and phenolic compounds of this species have a significant role in promoting the health-benefit including the scavenging capacity of radicals, the colorant of food products, and play a vital role in the industry of foods. However, phenolic profiles and radical scavenging activity of this species have not been evaluated. Hence, for the first time, four selected advance lines of A. gangeticus were characterized for phenolic profiles, antioxidant constituents, and antioxidant potentiality.
A. gangeticus genotypes are abundant sources of phenolic profiles and antioxidant constituents with good radical quenching capacity that differed across the genotypes. Twenty-five phenolic acids and flavonoids, such as protocatechuic acid, salicylic acid, gentisic acid, gallic acid, β-resorcylic acid, vanillic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid, kaempferol, m-coumaric acid, trans-cinnamic acid, quercetin, p-coumaric acid, apigenin, caffeic acid, rutin, sinapic acid, isoquercetin, naringenin, myricetin, catechin, and hyperoside were identified in A. gangeticus accessions. A. gangeticus accessions LS7 and LS9 demonstrated ample phenolic acids, flavonoids, antioxidant constituents, and antioxidant potentiality. It revealed from the correlation study that antioxidant components of A. gangeticus genotypes exhibited good radical scavenging activities. The genotypes LS7 and LS9 could be directly used as phenolic profiles, antioxidant constituents, and antioxidant activity enrich cultivars.
The identified compounds of phenolic acids and flavonoids in A. gangeticus privilege the comprehensive study of pharmacology. The basic information on phenolic profiles and antioxidant constituents achieved in the present study will provide the scientist's forum for the scientific assessment of these compounds in A. gangeticus.
红苋菜（Amaranthus gangeticus L.）在孟加拉国、印度和东南亚具有丰富的多样性，具有多种用途。这种亮紫红色的 A. gangeticus 是亚洲大陆（包括孟加拉国和印度）一种受欢迎且低成本的叶菜，因为其叶片颜色鲜艳、味道可口、营养丰富、含有酚类化合物，并且是甜菜碱的唯一来源。该物种的天然颜色和酚类化合物在促进健康方面发挥着重要作用，包括清除自由基的能力、食品着色剂，并在食品工业中发挥着重要作用。然而，该物种的酚类成分和自由基清除活性尚未得到评估。因此，首次对 4 种精选的 A. gangeticus 品系进行了酚类成分、抗氧化成分和抗氧化潜力的表征。
A. gangeticus 基因型是酚类成分和抗氧化成分的丰富来源，具有良好的自由基猝灭能力，不同基因型之间存在差异。鉴定出 25 种酚酸和类黄酮，如原儿茶酸、水杨酸、龙胆酸、没食子酸、β-间苯二酚、香草酸、对羟基苯甲酸、绿原酸、鞣花酸、丁香酸、阿魏酸、山柰酚、m-咖啡酸、反式肉桂酸、槲皮素、p-咖啡酸、芹菜素、咖啡酸、芦丁、芥子酸、异槲皮苷、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、杨梅素、儿茶素和金丝桃苷。A. gangeticus 品系 LS7 和 LS9 表现出丰富的酚酸、类黄酮、抗氧化成分和抗氧化潜力。相关性研究表明，A. gangeticus 基因型的抗氧化成分具有良好的自由基清除活性。品系 LS7 和 LS9 可直接用作富含酚类成分、抗氧化成分和抗氧化活性的品种。
在 A. gangeticus 中鉴定出的酚酸和类黄酮化合物为药理学的综合研究提供了便利。本研究获得的有关酚类成分和抗氧化成分的基本信息将为科学家们提供一个论坛，用于对 A. gangeticus 中的这些化合物进行科学评估。
