Bergrath Jonas, Williams Marc B, Kling Hans-Willi, Schulze Margit
Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstrasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
ACS Omega. 2025 May 30;10(22):22382-22396. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.5c02749. eCollection 2025 Jun 10.
Polyphenols, a diverse group of phytochemicals, are an indispensable component of the antioxidant defense system, given their capacity to neutralize free radicals and modulate redox reactions. This review examines the chemical diversity and antioxidant potential of polyphenols derived from viticultural byproducts, including grape skins, seeds, pomace, and stems. These biomass sources provide a sustainable reservoir of bioactive compounds with potential applications in the development of functional and biobased materials. This review also addresses the methodological challenges inherent to this field, such as the variability of extraction procedures and test conditions. This study critically examines the influence of the structural characteristics of polyphenols, including the number, nature, and distribution of hydroxyl groups as well as molecular size, on antioxidant activity. Additionally, innovative extraction techniques that enhance yield and bioactivity are presented and evaluated. Besides conventional monomeric and oligomeric polyphenolic compounds, lignins, a class of high-molecular-weight polyphenols of industrial importance and stability in oxidative environments, are addressed. The results underscore the necessity for standardized multiassay approaches to precisely assess antioxidant capacity and facilitate targeted polyphenol application in diverse fields. Future research should address the intricate interplay between biomass composition, extraction parameters, and polyphenol functionality to tailor their utilization.
多酚是一类多样的植物化学物质，鉴于其具有中和自由基和调节氧化还原反应的能力，它们是抗氧化防御系统中不可或缺的组成部分。本综述考察了源自葡萄栽培副产物（包括葡萄皮、籽、果渣和茎）的多酚的化学多样性和抗氧化潜力。这些生物质来源提供了一种可持续的生物活性化合物储备，在功能材料和生物基材料的开发中具有潜在应用价值。本综述还探讨了该领域固有的方法学挑战，如提取程序和测试条件的变异性。本研究批判性地考察了多酚的结构特征（包括羟基的数量、性质和分布以及分子大小）对抗氧化活性的影响。此外，还介绍并评估了能够提高产量和生物活性的创新提取技术。除了传统的单体和寡聚多酚化合物外，还讨论了木质素，这是一类在氧化环境中具有工业重要性和稳定性的高分子量多酚。结果强调了采用标准化多分析方法精确评估抗氧化能力并促进多酚在不同领域的靶向应用的必要性。未来的研究应关注生物质组成、提取参数和多酚功能之间的复杂相互作用，以优化它们的利用。
