Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan.
Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.
J Formos Med Assoc. 2021 Jan;120(1 Pt 2):311-317. doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.10.003. Epub 2020 Oct 20.
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: To investigate the characteristics of dysosmia and dysgeusia among patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Taiwan.
Prospective data collection between January 22, 2020 to May 7, 2020 of nucleic acid confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized patients in northern Taiwan by the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control were analyzed.
Of 217 patients enrolled, 78 (35.9%) reported dysosmia (n = 73, 33.6%) and/or dysgeusia (n = 62, 28.6%). The median duration of COVID-19 associated symptom-onset to development of dysosmia and/or dysgeusia was <1 days (interquartile range [IQR], <1-6 days) and 53 of 78 (67.9%) patients developed dysosmia and/or dysgeusia as one of the initial symptoms of COVID-19. Of 59 closely monitored patients, 41 (69.5%) patients recovered within 3 weeks after symptoms onset and the median time to recovery was 12 days (IQR, 7-20 days). Only 6 of the 59 (10.2%) patients reported persistent dysosmia and/or dysgeusia before discharge from hospitals. Multivariate analysis showed that younger individuals (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 0.93 per one-year increase; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.89-0.97; P = 0.001), women (AHR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.05-7.25; P = 0.04) and travel to North America (AHR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.05-5.26; P = 0.04) were the significant factors associated with dysosmia and/or dysgeusia.
Dysosmia and/or dysgeusia are common symptoms and clues for the diagnosis of COVID-19, particularly in the early stage of the disease. Physicians should be alerted to these symptoms to make timely diagnosis and management for COVID-19 to limit spread.
背景/目的：调查在台湾被诊断为 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的患者嗅觉障碍和味觉障碍的特征。
对 2020 年 1 月 22 日至 2020 年 5 月 7 日台湾疾病管制署在台湾北部住院的 COVID-19 核酸确诊患者进行前瞻性数据收集。
217 例患者中，78 例（35.9%）报告嗅觉障碍（n=73，33.6%）和/或味觉障碍（n=62，28.6%）。COVID-19 相关症状发作至嗅觉障碍和/或味觉障碍发生的中位时间为<1 天（四分位距[IQR]，<1-6 天），78 例中有 53 例（67.9%）患者嗅觉障碍和/或味觉障碍为 COVID-19 的首发症状之一。在 59 例密切监测的患者中，41 例（69.5%）患者在症状发作后 3 周内康复，中位康复时间为 12 天（IQR，7-20 天）。只有 59 例中的 6 例（10.2%）患者在出院前报告持续嗅觉障碍和/或味觉障碍。多变量分析显示，年龄较小的个体（调整后的危害比[AHR]，每增加 1 岁降低 0.93；95%置信区间[95%CI]，0.89-0.97；P=0.001）、女性（AHR，2.76；95%CI，1.05-7.25；P=0.04）和去北美旅行（AHR，2.35；95%CI，1.05-5.26；P=0.04）是与嗅觉障碍和/或味觉障碍相关的显著因素。
嗅觉障碍和/或味觉障碍是 COVID-19 的常见症状和诊断线索，尤其是在疾病早期。医生应警惕这些症状，以便及时诊断和管理 COVID-19，以限制其传播。
