Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
Department of Neurology, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
F1000Res. 2021 Jan 21;10:40. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.28393.1. eCollection 2021.
: The present study aimed to determine the global prevalence of anosmia and dysgeusia in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and to assess their association with severity and mortality of COVID-19. Moreover, this study aimed to discuss the possible pathobiological mechanisms of anosmia and dysgeusia in COVID-19. : Available articles from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and preprint databases (MedRxiv, BioRxiv, and Researchsquare) were searched on November 10th, 2020. Data on the characteristics of the study (anosmia, dysgeusia, and COVID-19) were extracted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess research quality. Moreover, the pooled prevalence of anosmia and dysgeusia were calculated, and the association between anosmia and dysgeusia in presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was assessed using the Z test. : Out of 32,142 COVID-19 patients from 107 studies, anosmia was reported in 12,038 patients with a prevalence of 38.2% (95% CI: 36.5%, 47.2%); whereas, dysgeusia was reported in 11,337 patients out of 30,901 COVID-19 patients from 101 studies, with prevalence of 36.6% (95% CI: 35.2%, 45.2%), worldwide. Furthermore, the prevalence of anosmia was 10.2-fold higher (OR: 10.21; 95% CI: 6.53, 15.96, < 0.001) and that of dysgeusia was 8.6-fold higher (OR: 8.61; 95% CI: 5.26, 14.11, < 0.001) in COVID-19 patients compared to those with other respiratory infections or COVID-19 like illness. To date, no study has assessed the association of anosmia and dysgeusia with severity and mortality of COVID-19. : Anosmia and dysgeusia are prevalent in COVID-19 patients compared to those with the other non-COVID-19 respiratory infections. Several possible mechanisms have been hypothesized; however, future studies are warranted to elucidate the definitive mechanisms of anosmia and dysgeusia in COVID-19. PROSPERO CRD42020223204.
本研究旨在确定 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）患者中嗅觉丧失和味觉障碍的全球患病率，并评估其与 COVID-19 严重程度和死亡率的关系。此外，本研究旨在探讨 COVID-19 中嗅觉丧失和味觉障碍的可能病理生物学机制。
于 2020 年 11 月 10 日检索 PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science 和预印本数据库（MedRxiv、BioRxiv 和 Researchsquare）中的可用文章。根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南提取研究特征（嗅觉丧失、味觉障碍和 COVID-19）的数据。纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表用于评估研究质量。此外，计算嗅觉丧失和味觉障碍的总患病率，并使用 Z 检验评估严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）存在时嗅觉丧失和味觉障碍之间的关系。
在来自 107 项研究的 32142 例 COVID-19 患者中，有 12038 例（患病率为 38.2%（95%CI：36.5%，47.2%））报告有嗅觉丧失，而在来自 101 项研究的 30901 例 COVID-19 患者中，有 11337 例（患病率为 36.6%（95%CI：35.2%，45.2%））报告有味觉障碍。此外，与其他呼吸道感染或 COVID-19 样疾病患者相比，COVID-19 患者嗅觉丧失的患病率高 10.2 倍（OR：10.21；95%CI：6.53，15.96，<0.001），味觉障碍的患病率高 8.6 倍（OR：8.61；95%CI：5.26，14.11，<0.001）。迄今为止，尚无研究评估嗅觉丧失和味觉障碍与 COVID-19 严重程度和死亡率的关系。
与其他非 COVID-19 呼吸道感染患者相比，COVID-19 患者嗅觉丧失和味觉障碍更为常见。已经假设了几种可能的机制；然而，需要进一步的研究来阐明 COVID-19 中嗅觉丧失和味觉障碍的确切机制。
