State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, PR China.
Department of Technology Management, Qingdao Research Institute of Husbanary and Veterinary, Qingdao 266100, PR China.
Poult Sci. 2020 Nov;99(11):5526-5546. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.039. Epub 2020 Aug 13.
Air temperature and relative humidity (RH) are 2 important climatic elements that affect animal welfare and health. The prevailing hot and humid or dry climate is one of the major constraints for optimum poultry production, especially in the tropics and subtropical regions. Many studies have suggested that exposure to hot-humid or dry climate is associated with a high risk of metabolic imbalance; however, the underlying metabolic changes caused by low or high RH climate is not yet well understood. Therefore, we used a comprehensive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based metabolic profiling of fecal samples to explore the effects of hot-humid and dry climate on metabolic pathways in broilers. A total of 180 twenty-eight-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allocated to 3 treatments, each containing 6 replicates of 10 birds per treatment, using a completely randomized design. Birds were reared at 35, 60, or 85% RH at 32°C (temperature increased by 3°C every 3 d from 20°C to 32°C within 15 d: 20°C, 23°C, 26°C, 29°C, 32°C) for 15 d. Results showed that significant changes in the levels of 36 metabolites were detected. Evidence of changes in gluconeogenesis associated to pyruvate metabolism, galactose metabolism, and ABC transporter was observed. In addition, hot-humid and dry stress also affected the protein translation process caused by aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, which may be associated with protein synthesis and hormone secretion disorders. Furthermore, we observed significant changes in primary bile acid biosynthesis and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, which indicated that fat synthesis was affected. We also observed significant changes in arginine and proline metabolism and histidine metabolism, which were associated with skin vasodilation and blood flow. These results provide biochemical insights into metabolic changes due to hot-humid or dry climate.
空气温度和相对湿度（RH）是影响动物福利和健康的 2 个重要气候因素。炎热潮湿或干燥的气候是家禽生产的主要限制因素之一，尤其是在热带和亚热带地区。许多研究表明，暴露于炎热潮湿或干燥的气候与代谢失衡的高风险相关；然而，低 RH 或高 RH 气候引起的潜在代谢变化尚不清楚。因此，我们使用基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱联用的粪便样本代谢组学分析方法，来探索湿热和干燥气候对肉鸡代谢途径的影响。总共 180 只 28 日龄的阿伯丁-安格斯肉鸡被随机分配到 3 个处理组中，每个处理组包含 6 个重复，每个重复 10 只鸡，采用完全随机设计。鸡在 32°C 下分别在 35%、60%或 85% RH 下饲养 15d（从 20°C 到 32°C，每 3°C 增加 1°C，在 15d 内升高：20°C、23°C、26°C、29°C、32°C）。结果表明，检测到 36 种代谢物水平的显著变化。观察到与丙酮酸代谢、半乳糖代谢和 ABC 转运体相关的糖异生变化的证据。此外，湿热和干燥应激还影响了由氨酰-tRNA 生物合成引起的蛋白质翻译过程，这可能与蛋白质合成和激素分泌紊乱有关。此外，我们观察到初级胆汁酸生物合成和牛磺酸和次牛磺酸代谢的显著变化，这表明脂肪合成受到影响。我们还观察到精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢以及组氨酸代谢的显著变化，这与皮肤血管扩张和血流有关。这些结果为湿热或干燥气候引起的代谢变化提供了生化见解。
