Luti Simone, Modesti Alessandra, Modesti Pietro A
Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Oct 30;9(11):1065. doi: 10.3390/antiox9111065.
The importance of training in regulating body mass and performance is well known. Physical training induces metabolic changes in the organism, leading to the activation of adaptive mechanisms aimed at establishing a new dynamic equilibrium. However, exercise can have both positive and negative effects on inflammatory and redox statuses. In recent years, attention has focused on the regulation of energy homeostasis and most studies have reported the involvement of peripheral signals in influencing energy and even inflammatory homeostasis due to overtraining syndrome. Among these, leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-1β (IL1β) and tumour necrosis factor a (TNFa) were reported to influence energy and even inflammatory homeostasis. However, most studies were performed on sedentary individuals undergoing an aerobic training program. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to focus on high-performance exercise studies performed in athletes to correlate peripheral mediators and key inflammation markers with physiological and pathological conditions in different sports such as basketball, soccer, swimming and cycling.
调节体重和运动表现方面训练的重要性是众所周知的。体育训练会引起机体的代谢变化，从而激活旨在建立新的动态平衡的适应性机制。然而，运动对炎症和氧化还原状态可能产生积极和消极的影响。近年来，注意力集中在能量稳态的调节上，并且大多数研究报告了由于过度训练综合征，外周信号参与影响能量甚至炎症稳态。其中，瘦素、脂联素、胃饥饿素、白细胞介素-6（IL6）、白细胞介素-1β（IL1β）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNFα）被报道影响能量甚至炎症稳态。然而，大多数研究是在进行有氧训练计划的久坐不动个体上进行的。因此，本综述的目的是关注在运动员中进行的高性能运动研究，以将外周介质和关键炎症标志物与篮球、足球、游泳和自行车等不同运动中的生理和病理状况相关联。
