Facilitators and Barriers in the Organ Donation Process: A Qualitative Study among Nurse Transplant Coordinators.

BACKGROUND

Spain is the world leader in organ donation, with a rate of 49.0 donations per million population. Nurse transplant coordinators fulfill key roles for the success of the complex donation process. Our aims were: (a) to describe the experience of nurse transplant coordinators and (b) to identify barriers and facilitators during the process of organ donation.

METHODS

A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted within the National Transplant Organization. A purposive sampling method was used, and data collection methods included semistructured interviews, researcher field notes, and participants' personal letters. A systematic text condensation analysis was performed. The study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee.

RESULTS

A total of 16 participants were recruited and four themes were identified: (a) a different job for nurses, (b) facilitators and barriers of the coordinator's job, (c) not a job for a novice nurse, and (d) coordinators facing a paradigm shift. Coordinators described their job as being characterized with uncertainty and having to face emotional and institutional barriers. The facilitators identified were high educational level and training, and feelings of pride for being part of the National Transplant Organization.

CONCLUSIONS

The organ donation process requires specialized training to avoid organizational barriers.