State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2021 Apr 5;407:124355. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124355. Epub 2020 Oct 22.
Heavy metals in size-segregated particulate matter (PM) were investigated in a Chinese megacity, and an advanced model was developed to quantify source-specific risks focusing on size-segregated respiratory exposure. Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and non-cancer risk (hazard quotient: HQ) based on deposition concentrations of heavy metals displayed a peak at 4.7-5.8 µm. The percentage contributions to cancer risk were as follows: industrial emission (IE, 34%) > secondary and transport (ST, 29%) > resuspended dust (RD, 21%) > coal combustion (CC, 11%) > traffic emission (TE, 4%) during spring and summer (SS), and CC (31%) > ST (26%) > IE (21%) > RD (11%) ≈ TE (11%) during autumn and winter (AW). RD (41% of HQ during SS, 28% during AW) and IE (45% of HQ during SS, 35% during AW) dominated non-cancer risk. ILCR and HQ of CC were high at sizes 1.1-2.1 µm and 0.43-0.65 µm; those of RD were high at sizes > 3.3 µm; and those of IE were bimodal at fine (<2.1 µm) and coarse (>2.1 µm) sizes, respectively. Cancer risk was more susceptible to small particles than non-cancer risk, partly because higher ILCR was from CC, but higher HQ was attributed by RD.
在中国的一个特大城市中研究了按粒径分布的颗粒物（PM）中的重金属，开发了一种先进的模型，用于定量特定源的风险，重点是按粒径分布的呼吸暴露。基于重金属沉积浓度的增量终身癌症风险（ILCR）和非癌症风险（危害系数：HQ）在 4.7-5.8 µm 处呈现峰值。癌症风险的百分比贡献如下：工业排放（IE，34%）>二次和传输（ST，29%）>再悬浮粉尘（RD，21%）>煤燃烧（CC，11%）>交通排放（TE，4%）在春季和夏季（SS），而 CC（31%）> ST（26%）> IE（21%）> RD（11%）≈TE（11%）在秋季和冬季（AW）。RD（SS 期间 HQ 的 41%，AW 期间 HQ 的 28%）和 IE（SS 期间 HQ 的 45%，AW 期间 HQ 的 35%）主导非癌症风险。CC 的 ILCR 和 HQ 在 1.1-2.1 µm 和 0.43-0.65 µm 尺寸处较高；RD 的 HQ 在>3.3 µm 尺寸处较高；IE 的 HQ 在细颗粒（<2.1 µm）和粗颗粒（>2.1 µm）处呈双峰分布。癌症风险比非癌症风险更容易受到小颗粒的影响，部分原因是 CC 导致更高的 ILCR，但更高的 HQ 归因于 RD。
