Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Mol Psychiatry. 2021 Jan;26(1):134-150. doi: 10.1038/s41380-020-00925-x. Epub 2020 Nov 3.
The field of nutritional psychiatry has generated observational and efficacy data supporting a role for healthy dietary patterns in depression onset and symptom management. To guide future clinical trials and targeted dietary therapies, this review provides an overview of what is currently known regarding underlying mechanisms of action by which diet may influence mental and brain health. The mechanisms of action associating diet with health outcomes are complex, multifaceted, interacting, and not restricted to any one biological pathway. Numerous pathways were identified through which diet could plausibly affect mental health. These include modulation of pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, epigenetics, mitochondrial dysfunction, the gut microbiota, tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism, the HPA axis, neurogenesis and BDNF, epigenetics, and obesity. However, the nascent nature of the nutritional psychiatry field to date means that the existing literature identified in this review is largely comprised of preclinical animal studies. To fully identify and elucidate complex mechanisms of action, intervention studies that assess markers related to these pathways within clinically diagnosed human populations are needed.
营养精神病学领域已经产生了观察性和疗效数据，支持健康饮食模式在抑郁症发病和症状管理中的作用。为了指导未来的临床试验和针对性的饮食疗法，本综述概述了目前已知的饮食可能影响心理和大脑健康的作用机制。与饮食与健康结果相关的作用机制复杂、多方面、相互作用，并且不限于任何单一的生物途径。通过饮食可能影响心理健康的途径有很多，通过饮食可能影响心理健康的途径有很多。这些途径包括调节炎症、氧化应激、表观遗传学、线粒体功能障碍、肠道微生物群、色氨酸-犬尿氨酸代谢、HPA 轴、神经发生和 BDNF、表观遗传学和肥胖相关的途径。然而，迄今为止，营养精神病学领域还处于起步阶段，这意味着本综述中确定的现有文献主要由临床前动物研究组成。为了充分确定和阐明复杂的作用机制，需要在临床诊断的人类群体中评估与这些途径相关的标志物的干预研究。
