Bioconjug Chem. 2020 Nov 18;31(11):2465-2475. doi: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00529. Epub 2020 Nov 4.
The cell membrane possesses an extensive library of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids that control a significant portion of inter- and intracellular functions, including signaling, proliferation, migration, and adhesion, among others. Augmenting the cell surface composition would open possibilities for advances in therapy, tissue engineering, and probing fundamental cell processes. While genetic engineering has proven effective for many applications, these techniques result in irreversible changes to cells and are difficult to apply . Another approach is to instead attach exogenous functional groups to the cell membrane without changing the genetic nature of the cell. This review focuses on more recent approaches of nongenetic methods of cell surface modification through metabolic pathways, anchorage by hydrophobic interactions, and chemical conjugation. Benefits and drawbacks of each approach are considered, followed by a discussion of potential applications for nongenetic cell surface modification and an outlook on the future of the field.
细胞膜拥有广泛的蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂质库，这些物质控制着细胞内外的许多功能，包括信号转导、增殖、迁移和黏附等。增加细胞表面的组成部分将为治疗、组织工程和探测基本细胞过程方面的进展提供可能。虽然遗传工程已被证明对许多应用有效，但这些技术会导致细胞发生不可逆转的变化，并且难以应用。另一种方法是在不改变细胞遗传性质的情况下，将外源功能基团附着到细胞膜上。这篇综述重点介绍了通过代谢途径、疏水性相互作用锚定和化学偶联等非遗传方法对细胞表面进行修饰的最新方法。本文还考虑了每种方法的优缺点，然后讨论了非遗传细胞表面修饰的潜在应用，并展望了该领域的未来。
