Cell Production and Tissue Engineering Unit. Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain.
Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Nov 2;21(21):8197. doi: 10.3390/ijms21218197.
The skin plays an important role in the maintenance of the human's body physiological homeostasis. It acts as a coverage that protects against infective microorganism or biomechanical impacts. Skin is also implied in thermal regulation and fluid balance. However, skin can suffer several damages that impede normal wound-healing responses and lead to chronic wounds. Since the use of autografts, allografts, and xenografts present source limitations and intense rejection associated problems, bioengineered artificial skin substitutes (BASS) have emerged as a promising solution to address these problems. Despite this, currently available skin substitutes have many drawbacks, and an ideal skin substitute has not been developed yet. The advances that have been produced on tissue engineering techniques have enabled improving and developing new arising skin substitutes. The aim of this review is to outline these advances, including commercially available skin substitutes, to finally focus on future tissue engineering perspectives leading to the creation of autologous prevascularized skin equivalents with a hypodermal-like layer to achieve an exemplary skin substitute that fulfills all the biological characteristics of native skin and contributes to wound healing.
皮肤在维持人体生理内稳态方面起着重要作用。它作为一种覆盖物，可以防止感染性微生物或生物力学的影响。皮肤还参与体温调节和液体平衡。然而，皮肤可能会受到多种损伤，这些损伤会阻碍正常的伤口愈合反应，导致慢性伤口。由于使用自体移植物、同种异体移植物和异种移植物存在来源限制和强烈的排斥相关问题，生物工程人工皮肤替代物（BASS）已成为解决这些问题的有前途的解决方案。尽管如此，目前可用的皮肤替代品仍存在许多缺点，尚未开发出理想的皮肤替代品。组织工程技术的进步已经能够改进和开发新的皮肤替代品。本综述的目的是概述这些进展，包括商业上可获得的皮肤替代品，最后关注未来组织工程的前景，以创建具有真皮样层的自体预血管化皮肤等效物，实现满足天然皮肤所有生物学特性并有助于伤口愈合的理想皮肤替代品。
