Circulation. 2020 Dec 8;142(23):e432-e447. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000930. Epub 2020 Nov 5.
In 2010, the American Heart Association published a statement concluding that the existing scientific evidence was consistent with a causal relationship between exposure to fine particulate matter and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and that fine particulate matter exposure is a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Since the publication of that statement, evidence linking air pollution exposure to cardiovascular health has continued to accumulate and the biological processes underlying these effects have become better understood. This increasingly persuasive evidence necessitates policies to reduce harmful exposures and the need to act even as the scientific evidence base continues to evolve. Policy options to mitigate the adverse health impacts of air pollutants must include the reduction of emissions through action on air quality, vehicle emissions, and renewable portfolio standards, taking into account racial, ethnic, and economic inequality in air pollutant exposure. Policy interventions to improve air quality can also be in alignment with policies that benefit community and transportation infrastructure, sustainable food systems, reduction in climate forcing agents, and reduction in wildfires. The health care sector has a leadership role in adopting policies to contribute to improved environmental air quality as well. There is also potentially significant private sector leadership and industry innovation occurring in the absence of and in addition to public policy action, demonstrating the important role of public-private partnerships. In addition to supporting education and research in this area, the American Heart Association has an important leadership role to encourage and support public policies, private sector innovation, and public-private partnerships to reduce the adverse impact of air pollution on current and future cardiovascular health in the United States.
2010 年，美国心脏协会发表声明称，现有科学证据表明，细颗粒物暴露与心血管发病率和死亡率之间存在因果关系，细颗粒物暴露是可改变的心血管风险因素。自该声明发表以来，将空气污染暴露与心血管健康联系起来的证据不断增加，这些影响背后的生物学过程也得到了更好的理解。这一越来越有说服力的证据需要采取政策来减少有害暴露，即使科学证据基础仍在不断发展，也需要采取行动。减轻空气污染物对健康的不利影响的政策选择必须包括通过空气质量、车辆排放和可再生能源组合标准方面的行动来减少排放，同时考虑到空气污染物暴露方面的种族、民族和经济不平等。改善空气质量的政策干预措施也可以与有利于社区和交通基础设施、可持续食品系统、减少气候强迫因素以及减少野火的政策相协调。医疗保健部门在采取政策以促进改善环境空气质量方面也发挥着领导作用。在没有和除了公共政策行动之外，私营部门也有可能出现重大的领导作用和行业创新，这表明公私伙伴关系的重要作用。除了支持该领域的教育和研究外，美国心脏协会还在鼓励和支持公共政策、私营部门创新以及公私伙伴关系方面发挥着重要的领导作用，以减少美国当前和未来心血管健康受到空气污染的不利影响。
