McGuine Timothy A, Biese Kevin M, Petrovska Labina, Hetzel Scott J, Reardon Claudia, Kliethermes Stephanie, Bell David Robert, Brooks Alison, Watson Andrew M
*University of Wisconsin-Madison.
J Athl Train. 2020 Nov 5. doi: 10.4085/478-20.
In the spring of 2020, US schools closed to in-person teaching and sports were cancelled to control the transmission of COVID-19. It is critical to understand the mental and physical health of adolescent athletes during this time.
Describe the health of athletes during COVID-19 related school closures and sport cancellations.
Cross sectional.
A national sample recruited via social media.
13,002 US adolescent athletes (age=16.3+1.2 yrs., female=53.1%) completed an anonymous online survey.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Demographic information included: sex, grade, sports played and zip code. Assessments included the: General Anxiety Disorder-7 Item (GAD-7) for anxiety, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Item (PHQ-9) for depression, the Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale (PFABS) for physical activity, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL) for quality of life. Mental health, physical activity and quality of life variables were compared between sex, grade, sports played and poverty level using means and 95%CI from the survey weighted ANOVA.
Females reported a higher prevalence of moderate to severe anxiety symptoms (females=43.7% vs. males=28.2%). The PFABS score (mean [95%CI] was highest (best) for grade 9 (14.5 [14.0,15.0]) and lowest for grade 11 (10.9 [10.5,11.3]. The prevalence of depression symptoms was highest in team sport (74.1%) and lowest for individual sport participants (64.9%). The total PedsQL score was lowest (worst) for athletes from counties with the highest poverty levels (high=74.5[73.7,75.3], middle=78.9[78.0,79.8], low=78.3 [77.4,79.1]).
The health of US adolescents during the COVID-19 related school closures and sport cancellations varied to differing degrees depending on sex, grade level, type of sport participation and level of poverty. Health policy experts should consider these findings when creating and implementing policies to improve the health of adolescents in the US in the future.
2020年春季，美国学校关闭面对面教学，体育活动取消，以控制新冠病毒的传播。了解这一时期青少年运动员的身心健康至关重要。
描述新冠疫情相关学校关闭和体育活动取消期间运动员的健康状况。
横断面研究。
通过社交媒体招募的全国性样本。
13002名美国青少年运动员（年龄=16.3±1.2岁，女性=53.1%）完成了一项匿名在线调查。
人口统计学信息包括：性别、年级、所从事的体育运动和邮政编码。评估包括：用于焦虑的广泛性焦虑障碍7项量表（GAD-7）、用于抑郁的患者健康问卷9项量表（PHQ-9）、用于身体活动的儿童功能活动简短量表（PFABS）以及用于生活质量的儿童生活质量量表4.0（PedsQL）。使用调查加权方差分析的均值和95%置信区间，比较了性别、年级、所从事的体育运动和贫困水平之间的心理健康、身体活动和生活质量变量。
女性报告中度至重度焦虑症状的患病率较高（女性=43.7%，男性=28.2%）。PFABS评分（均值[95%置信区间]）在9年级最高（最佳）（14.5[14.0,15.0]），在11年级最低（10.9[10.5,11.3]）。团队运动参与者的抑郁症状患病率最高（74.1%），个人运动参与者最低（64.9%）。贫困水平最高县的运动员的PedsQL总分最低（最差）（高=74.5[73.7,75.3]，中=78.9[78.0,79.8]，低=78.3[77.4,79.1]）。
新冠疫情相关学校关闭和体育活动取消期间，美国青少年的健康状况因性别、年级水平、体育参与类型和贫困程度而有不同程度的差异。未来，健康政策专家在制定和实施改善美国青少年健康的政策时应考虑这些发现。
