Salles Jose I, Silva Carolina, Wolff Aline, Orwert Ludmilla, Ribeiro Pedro, Velasques Bruna, Morrissey Dylan
Sports and Exercise Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, QMUL, Bancroft Road, London, E1 4DG, UK.
Olympic Laboratory, Brazilian Olympic Committee, Av. Embaixador Abelardo Bueno, 851 Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 22775-040, Brazil.
Psicol Reflex Crit. 2022 Oct 10;35(1):33. doi: 10.1186/s41155-022-00233-z.
Pandemic-induced lockdowns disrupted sport training and competition. We aimed to identify the impact on the mental health of high-level athletes and clarify whether the effects differ for team-based and individual athletes.
This cross-sectional survey, stratified by sex and sport type, collected demographic data and mental health measurements from 274 Brazilian high-performance athletes (142 from team sports and 132 from individual sports) involved with the Brazilian Olympic Committee program for the Tokyo Olympics 2021. Depression, disturbed sleep, and anxiety were assessed by the 9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire, 7-Item Insomnia Severity Index, and 7-Item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale respectively. Responses were analyzed dichotomously according to published threshold values, characterizing the relative frequency distribution of prevalence (PCRS) or non-prevalence of clinically relevant symptoms (NPCRS).
Out of all participants, 47 [17.1%], Z(274) = 15.38, p = .001, 32 [11.7%], Z(274) = 17.94, p = .001, and 49 [17.9%], Z(274) = 15.04, p = .001 had PCRS of anxiety, insomnia, and depression, respectively. There were no significant differences in the PCRS among genders. Compared with individual sport athletes, team sport athletes were more likely to report PCRS of insomnia (12 [37.5%] vs 20 [62.5%], Z(274) = -2.00, p = .046), and depression (18 [36.7%] vs 31 [63.3%], Z(274) = -2.63, p = .009) but not for anxiety.
Athletes reported high levels of mental health problems during the lockdown. Team sport athletes reported worse symptoms of insomnia and depression than individual sport athletes, possibly due to the impact of unaccustomed social isolation and lack of social team activity. Therefore, it becomes relevant to consider psychological support to team sport athletes who for some reason, such as a pandemic, enduring crisis even injury rehabilitation needs to be isolated.
大流行引发的封锁扰乱了体育训练和比赛。我们旨在确定对高水平运动员心理健康的影响，并阐明团队项目运动员和个人项目运动员的影响是否存在差异。
这项横断面调查按性别和运动类型分层，收集了274名参与巴西奥委会2021年东京奥运会项目的巴西高水平运动员（142名团队项目运动员和132名个人项目运动员）的人口统计学数据和心理健康测量指标。分别通过9项患者健康问卷、7项失眠严重程度指数和7项广泛性焦虑障碍量表评估抑郁、睡眠障碍和焦虑情况。根据已公布的阈值对回答进行二分法分析，以描述临床相关症状患病率（PCRS）或非患病率（NPCRS）的相对频率分布。
在所有参与者中，分别有47名[17.1%]，Z(274) = 15.38，p = 0.001；32名[11.7%]，Z(274) = 17.94，p = 0.001；以及49名[17.9%]，Z(274) = 15.04，p = 0.001的焦虑、失眠和抑郁PCRS。性别之间的PCRS没有显著差异。与个人项目运动员相比，团队项目运动员更有可能报告失眠（12名[37.5%]对20名[62.5%]，Z(274) = -2.00，p = 0.046）和抑郁（18名[36.7%]对31名[63.3%]，Z(274) = -2.63，p = 0.009）的PCRS，但焦虑情况并非如此。
运动员在封锁期间报告了高水平的心理健康问题。团队项目运动员报告的失眠和抑郁症状比个人项目运动员更严重，这可能是由于不习惯的社会隔离和缺乏团队社交活动的影响。因此，考虑为因某种原因（如大流行）而需要隔离甚至进行伤病康复的团队项目运动员提供心理支持变得很有必要。
