Neuroscience Graduate Program.
Department of Psychology.
Psychol Bull. 2021 Jan;147(1):16-32. doi: 10.1037/bul0000311. Epub 2020 Nov 5.
Household chaos-characterized by disorganization and instability within the home-is inversely associated with child executive functioning and effortful control, although a quantitative synthesis of the findings is currently lacking. This meta-analysis incorporated 35 studies with 36 independent effect sizes including 16,480 children. Several moderators were assessed, the most fundamental involving method (i.e., informant-completed questionnaire vs. direct assessment) of assessing executive functions. The analyses revealed a significant overall effect of = .16. Only measurement approach of executive functions significantly moderated this association: Informant-completed questionnaires yielded an effect of = .23, as compared with direct assessment, = .11; however, both effects were significant. Based on substantive and statistical considerations, questionnaire and direct assessment effects were then meta-analyzed separately. Although effect sizes proved heterogeneous in the context of questionnaires, analyses revealed no significant moderators. Within direct assessment effects, both household chaos dimensions were significantly related to child executive functions, but instability was a stronger correlate ( = .17) than disorganization ( = .06). Results highlight the need for fuller investigation of differences in construct measurement presented by questionnaire and direct assessment approaches to child executive functions. At present, it appears prudent to adopt a multimethod approach to assessment. Ultimately, a greater focus on quasi-experimental designs examining the mechanisms by which events destabilize child executive functions is essential to a rigorous understanding of the relation between environmental features and child cognitive function. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
家庭混乱——以家庭内部的混乱和不稳定为特征——与儿童执行功能和努力控制呈负相关，尽管目前缺乏对这些发现的定量综合。这项荟萃分析纳入了 35 项研究，共包含 36 个独立的效应量，涉及 16480 名儿童。评估了几个调节变量，最基本的是评估执行功能的方法（即，由知情者完成的问卷与直接评估）。分析显示，总体效应显著， =.16。只有执行功能的测量方法显著调节了这种关联：知情者完成的问卷产生的效应为 =.23，而直接评估的效应为 =.11；然而，这两种效应都是显著的。基于实质性和统计方面的考虑，然后分别对问卷和直接评估的效应进行荟萃分析。尽管在问卷的背景下，效应大小存在异质性，但分析并未发现显著的调节变量。在直接评估的效应中，家庭混乱的两个维度都与儿童的执行功能显著相关，但不稳定性的相关性更强（ =.17），而组织性较差（ =.06）。结果强调了需要更充分地研究问卷和直接评估方法在儿童执行功能的结构测量方面呈现的差异。目前，似乎需要采用多方法评估。最终，更关注通过准实验设计研究事件使儿童执行功能不稳定的机制，对于严格理解环境特征与儿童认知功能之间的关系至关重要。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2021 APA，保留所有权利）。
