中国性少数群体学校青少年的受害者-欺凌者循环：患病率以及情绪问题和应对策略的关联。
The victim-bully cycle of sexual minority school adolescents in China: prevalence and the association of mood problems and coping strategies.
机构信息
National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, and China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
Division of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK.
出版信息
Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2020 Nov 6;29:e179. doi: 10.1017/S2045796020000918.
AIMS
Compared to their heterosexual peers, youth who identify as lesbian, gay or bisexual (LGB) tend to suffer higher rates of peer victimisation from bullying. However, studies of LGB adolescents' participation as bullies are scarce. We aimed to examine the possible association of sexual minority identity and the heightened risk of not only being bullied but bullying others as well. We also explored the effect of one's sexual identity on their involvement in bullying through the mediation of coping strategies and mood states.
METHODS
A total of 12 218 students were recruited from 18 secondary schools in China. The demographic information, positive and negative coping strategies, mood state (anxiety, depression and hypomania) and information related to bullying and being bullied were collected. Multinomial regression was used to assess the heightened risk of sexual minority groups in comparison to their heterosexual adolescents' counterparts. A structural equation model (SEM) was used to test the mediating role of coping strategy and mood state between one's sex, sexual identity and bullying experience.
RESULTS
Two trends could be observed: (1) LGB groups reported heightened risks of being bullied and bullying others at school than heterosexual peers. However, being a sexual-undeveloped girl seemed to have a protective effect on bullying-related problems. (2) Birth-assigned males were more likely to be bullied as well as bullying others at school when compared to birth-assigned females. SEM analysis revealed that being a sexual minority was directly associated with a higher frequency of being bullied (B = 0.16, 95% CI [0.10, 0.22], p < 0.001) but not bullying others (B = 0.02, 95% CI [-0.02, 0.06], p = 0.398) when compared to the heterosexual group. Negative coping, hypomania, anxiety and depression were associated with a higher frequency of being bullied, while positive coping was associated with a lower frequency of being bullied. Moreover, negative coping, hypomania and depression were associated with a higher frequency of bullying others, while positive coping was associated with a reduced likelihood of bullying others. In addition, being bullied and bullying others were significantly correlated in the SEM model.
CONCLUSIONS
This novel research investigated the dynamic nature of the interaction between victim and bullying of LGB school adolescents in China, with a specific exploration of the psychological mechanism behind the pattern of being bullied and bullying others. School-level interventions aimed at teaching positive coping strategies to lower psychological distress are recommended to support sexual minority students.
目的
与异性恋同龄人相比，认同自己为女同性恋、男同性恋或双性恋（LGB）的年轻人往往更容易遭受来自欺凌的同伴侵害。然而，关于 LGB 青少年欺凌行为的研究却很少。我们旨在探讨性少数群体身份与不仅被欺凌而且欺凌他人的风险增加之间可能存在的关联。我们还通过应对策略和情绪状态的中介作用，探讨了一个人的性身份对他们参与欺凌行为的影响。
方法
我们从中国 18 所中学招募了 12218 名学生。收集了他们的人口统计学信息、积极和消极的应对策略、情绪状态（焦虑、抑郁和轻躁狂）以及与欺凌和被欺凌有关的信息。使用多项回归来评估与异性恋青少年相比，性少数群体的风险增加情况。使用结构方程模型（SEM）来检验应对策略和情绪状态在一个人的性别、性身份和欺凌经历之间的中介作用。
结果
可以观察到两种趋势：（1）LGB 群体报告说，他们在学校遭受欺凌和欺凌他人的风险高于异性恋同龄人。然而，性发育不成熟的女孩似乎对与欺凌有关的问题有保护作用。（2）与女性相比，出生时为男性的人更有可能在学校被欺凌和欺凌他人。SEM 分析表明，与异性恋群体相比，性少数群体与更高频率的被欺凌（B = 0.16，95%CI [0.10，0.22]，p < 0.001）但不与欺凌他人（B = 0.02，95%CI [-0.02，0.06]，p = 0.398）直接相关。消极应对、轻躁狂、焦虑和抑郁与更高频率的被欺凌有关，而积极应对与更低频率的被欺凌有关。此外，消极应对、轻躁狂和抑郁与更高频率的欺凌他人有关，而积极应对与减少欺凌他人的可能性有关。此外，在 SEM 模型中，被欺凌和欺凌他人之间存在显著相关性。
结论
这项新的研究调查了中国 LGB 学校青少年中受害者和欺凌者之间相互作用的动态性质，并特别探讨了被欺凌和欺凌他人模式背后的心理机制。建议在学校层面进行干预，教授积极的应对策略以降低心理困扰，为性少数群体学生提供支持。
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