Dubey Jitender P, Murata Fernando H A, Cerqueira-Cézar Camila K, Kwok Oliver C H, Yang Yurong, Su Chunlei
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA.
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA.
Vet Parasitol. 2020 Aug 31;287:109223. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109223.
Toxoplasma gondii infections are common in humans and animals worldwide. The present review summarizes worldwide information on the prevalence of clinical and subclinical infections, epidemiology, diagnosis, and genetic diversity of T. gondii in dogs (Canis familiaris) from 2009-2020. Seroprevalence estimates of T. gondii worldwide were tabulated. Reports of high seroprevalence in canine population and high congenital transmission of T. gondii in dogs in Brazil are reviewed. Most reports from China were published in Chinese, and these reports are now summarized here. Dogs have an additional importance in some countries such as China, Vietnam, and Nigeria; whereas in many cities dog meat is sold commercially for human consumption and given to felids, and transmission of T. gondii could occur if meat is not cooked properly. Dogs can ingest T. gondii-infected cat feces and these oocysts remain viable after passage through the digestive tract of the dog; T. gondii DNA was found in feces of dogs from New York City parks in USA. Most clinical canine cases of toxoplasmosis were in immunosuppressed dogs, and ulcerative dermatitis was one of the main presentations. Genetic diversity based on PCR-RFLP markers using DNA derived from 133 viable T. gondii isolates from dogs from several countries is discussed. T. gondii strains from Asia and Americas were more genetically diverse than those from Africa. This review will be of interest to biologists, parasitologists, veterinarians, and public health workers.
弓形虫感染在全球范围内的人类和动物中都很常见。本综述总结了2009年至2020年期间全球关于犬（家犬）弓形虫临床和亚临床感染的患病率、流行病学、诊断及遗传多样性的信息。汇总了全球弓形虫血清阳性率的估计数据。回顾了巴西犬类群体中弓形虫血清阳性率高以及犬类中弓形虫先天性传播率高的报告。中国的大多数报告以中文发表，现将这些报告在此进行总结。在一些国家，如中国、越南和尼日利亚，犬具有额外的重要性；而在许多城市，狗肉被商业售卖供人食用并喂给猫科动物，如果肉未煮熟，就可能发生弓形虫传播。犬可以摄入感染弓形虫的猫粪便，这些卵囊在通过犬的消化道后仍保持活力；在美国纽约市公园的犬粪便中发现了弓形虫DNA。大多数犬弓形虫病临床病例发生在免疫抑制的犬身上，溃疡性皮炎是主要表现之一。讨论了基于PCR-RFLP标记的遗传多样性，该标记使用了来自几个国家犬的133株活弓形虫分离株的DNA。来自亚洲和美洲的弓形虫菌株比来自非洲的菌株在遗传上更具多样性。本综述将引起生物学家、寄生虫学家、兽医和公共卫生工作者的兴趣。
