Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
BMC Med Educ. 2020 Nov 7;20(1):411. doi: 10.1186/s12909-020-02346-4.
The absence of ability and certainty to design and undertake pharmacy practice-based research (PPBR) was a major issue among pharmacists worldwide as reported in previous literature, despite them having an interest in conducting PPBR. Therefore, this study aimed at highlighting the research background of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) pharmacists which are the six Arab states of the Arabian Gulf, and examining barriers to conducting PPBR. In addition, to determine the self-perceived level of competence and confidence when planning and conducting PPBR.
This is a descriptive, cross-sectional questionnaire-based study, performed among pharmacists working in the GCC countries (i.e. Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman and Qatar). A pre-validated questionnaire was distributed to a convenience sample, via distribution of 500 research participation cards to conference attendees. These cards a quick response (QR) code, which should be scanned via mobile phone, to direct all readers to the online survey. All pharmacist delegates attending the conference (i.e. the Saudi International Pharmaceutical Sciences Annual National Conference (SIPHA) and Dubai International Pharmaceuticals and Technologies Conference and Exhibition (DUPHAT) in 2020 and who are working in one of the GCC co. untries as pharmacists were considered. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Excel software.
Two hundred and fourteen pharmacists were included. Seventy percent of the pharmacists had past PPBR background. Confidence and competence of pharmacists for research skills in regard to employing appropriate inferential statistical test, choosing software for statistical analysis, drafting a comprehensive plan for data analyses and determining appropriate sample size were weak. Highest competence and confidence were seen in preparing a presentation and searching the literature. Pharmacists with previous research experience (K-W: p = 0.001) and training (K-W: p = 0.003) had an overall ability to conduct PPBR. In addition, they had more interest in conducting PPBR (MWU = 3061.500, z = - 4.126, p = 0.000) and in learning about how to do so (MWU = 8698, z = - 1.898, p = 0.050).
Pharmacists practicing in the GCC geographic area realized the importance of planning and conducting PPBR and were more confident and competent to undertake and contribute to PPBR, except for skills related to statistical analysis. Therefore, training programmes especially for biostatistics and data analysis are mandatory to enhance pharmacists' research capabilities.
尽管药剂师对开展药学实践研究（PPBR）很感兴趣，但在以前的文献中报道，他们缺乏设计和开展 PPBR 的能力和确定性，这是全世界药剂师面临的一个主要问题。因此，本研究旨在突出海湾合作委员会（GCC）药剂师的研究背景，这些药剂师来自阿拉伯海湾的六个阿拉伯国家，并研究开展 PPBR 的障碍。此外，确定规划和开展 PPBR 时的自我感知能力和信心水平。
这是一项描述性的、基于问卷调查的横断面研究，在海湾合作委员会国家（即沙特阿拉伯、阿拉伯联合酋长国、科威特、巴林、阿曼和卡塔尔）工作的药剂师中进行。向方便样本分发了一份预先验证的问卷，通过向会议与会者分发 500 张研究参与卡进行分发。这些卡片上有一个快速响应（QR）码，通过手机扫描该码可以直接引导所有读者访问在线调查。考虑到所有参加会议的药剂师代表（即 2020 年的沙特国际药学科学年度全国会议（SIPHA）和迪拜国际药品与技术会议和展览（DUPHAT）的沙特药剂师代表），他们都在海湾合作委员会的一个成员国工作。使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）和 Excel 软件对数据进行分析。
共纳入 214 名药剂师。70%的药剂师有过去的 PPBR 背景。药剂师在使用适当的推理统计检验、选择统计分析软件、制定全面的数据分析计划和确定适当的样本量方面的研究技能的信心和能力较弱。在准备演示文稿和搜索文献方面，药剂师的能力和信心最高。有研究经验（K-W：p=0.001）和培训（K-W：p=0.003）的药剂师总体上能够进行 PPBR。此外，他们对进行 PPBR 更感兴趣（MWU=3061.500，z=-4.126，p=0.000），并且更有兴趣了解如何进行（MWU=8698，z=-1.898，p=0.050）。
在海湾合作委员会地理区域工作的药剂师意识到规划和开展 PPBR 的重要性，并且对开展和为 PPBR 做出贡献更有信心和能力，除了与统计分析相关的技能外。因此，必须开展培训计划，特别是针对生物统计学和数据分析的培训计划，以提高药剂师的研究能力。
